was born in 1919 in Dublin. The main theme of her novels is the fate of men and
women in modern society, their belief and disbelief. Her heroes are lonely and
suffering people. In all her novels we find love as great and mysterious force. It is
the inner world of the character that interests Iris Murdoch. Her books arise out of
Iris Murdoch lectured in philosophy from 1948 to 1963 at the Oxford University in
on philosophy and philosophical novels. She began her literary career with a
critical work “Sartre, Romantic Rationalist” (1953). Her first novel “Under the
Her characters face difficult moral choices in their search for love and freedom and
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expose the dangers of abstract system of behavior that cut out people off from
spontaneous, loving relationships. “Under the Net” (1954) and “Fairly Honorable
Defeat” (1970) are examples of it. “The Bells” (1958) describes the relationships
among the members of a religious commune. In “A Several Head” (1961)
Murdoch portrays three couples whose unfaithful sexual conduct illustrates their
shallow, self-centered philosophies.
Existentialistic characteristic features of loneliness, anxiety and fear prevail in
“The Unicorn” (1963) and “The Italian Girl” (1964). The ninth novel, “The Red
and the Green” (1965) is apparently a progressive point in Murdoch’s evolution to
realism, but in her next novel, “The Time of Angels” (1966), the writer’s realistic
vision is completely suppressed by the old pessimistic approach to the individual
and society. The line of evolution of Iris Murdoch’s creative method was, thus,
tremendously unstable and contradictory. By the time she began writing, she was a
convinced defender of the existentialist trend in philosophy.
Iris Murdoch was always looking for the mysterious in ordinary life. “The
Sandcastle” and “The Bell” demonstrate her ability to make usual and even banal
situations exciting. A lot of other novels, except “The Red and the Green”, brim
with unaccountable horrors, senseless crimes and love affairs. The characters are
hopelessly engulfed in the world of evil, their alienation is complete, and the
author’s dependence on traditional schemes of existentialism is obvious. The
picture of the Irish uprising in 1916 in the “The Red and the Green” is written with
a certain sense of realism. Her other novels include an “Accidental Man” (1971),
“The Black Prince” (1973)’’ , “ The Sea, The Sea” (1978), “The Good
Apprentice” (1986), and “The Book and the Brotherhood” (1988) . Iris Murdoch
tried to write in the spirit of realistic traditions in English literature. But her books
are characterized by features of Romantic trend.
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