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INTRODUCTION
This manual is designed for the part-time students of
philology departments of higher educational institutions,
studying in
senior courses.
Its purpose is therefore to lead the students to a scientific
understanding of new assumptions and views of langua ge as
system, keeping abreast of the latest findings set forth in the
progressive development of grammatical theory by native and
foreign scholars in recent times.
The following course of theoretical grammar serves to
describe the grammatical structure of the English language as a
system where all parts are interconnected.
Any linguistic description may have a practical or
theoretical purpose. A practical description is aimed at providing
the student with a manual of practical mastery of the
corresponding part of language (within the limits determined by
various factors of educational destination and scientific
possibilities). Since the practice of lingual intercourse, however,
can only be realised by employing language as a unity of all its
constituent parts, practical linguistic manuals more often than not
comprise the three types of description presented in a complex. As
for theoretical linguistic descriptions, they pursue analytical aims
and therefore present the studied parts of language in relative
isolation, so as to gain insights into their inner structure and
expose the intrinsic mechanisms of their functioning. Hence, the
aim of theoretical grammar of a language is to present a
theoretical description of its grammatical system, i.e. to
scientifically analyse and define its grammatical categories and
study the mechanisms of grammatical formation of utterances out
of words in the process of speech making.
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Unlike school grammar, theoretical grammar does not
always produce a ready- made decision. In language there are a
number of phenomena interpreted differently by different
linguists. To a great extent, these differences are due to the fact
that there exist various directions in linguistics, each having its
own method of analysis and, therefore, its own approach to the
matter. But sometimes these differences arise because some facts
of language are difficult to analyze, and in this case the only thing
to offer is a possible way
to solve the problem, instead
of giving a
final solution. It is due to this c ircumstance that there are different
theories of the same language phenomenon, which is not the case
with practical grammar.
The manual consists of three parts. Part I introduces the
Lecture material. Every lecture in Part 1 starts with the issues to be
discussed; it includes sets of questions which will enable the student
to test his knowledge. Part II includes the topics for discussion at the
seminars, suggests the lists of recommended literature and a number
of practical assignments that will help students to solidify their
knowledge. Part III includes the topics for individual reports.
Publishing this manual, the author hopes that it will help
students to master their profession deeper and better.