O`zbekiston respublikasi oliy vao‘rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi qarshi davlat universiteti



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ARM.4-KURS Стилистика мажмуа

 
Lecture 8 
 
The category of modality of the text. Narrators and point of view 
 
Category of Modality of the text. 
Plan: 
1. The notion of Modality of the text. 
2. Different approaches to modality 
3. Realization of modality in different sub-styles of Emotive style. 
4. The image of the author. 
Modality implies the authors attitude to his personages and described reality. 
It can be explicit when the author describes the events and characters himself or hidden 
when he entrusts role to one of the personages . Modality can be expressed directly or 
indirectly . In the first case the author himself shows his attitude to the personage through 
his evaluating epithets ( Jack was a brave man and true friend ) In the second case it is the 
reader who draws conclusions about the personage’s positive or negative traits through 
the description of his actions by the author.
There are 3 approaches to modality. The first group of linguists consider modality as


51 
 
following: modality or the attitude of the speaker or writer to reality characterizes any 
utterance. It is a category inherent in the language in action and therefore, equally with 
other categories, constitutes the essense of the communicative process.This is' the opinion 
of the outstanding modern linguists V.V.Vinogradov, I.R.Galperin, N.Yu.Shvedova, 
G.A.Zolotova and others.
The second approach is that the category of modality is presented in two aspects 
— as an objective modal meaning and a subjective modal meaning. Besides the objective 
modal meaning belonging to the system of sentence forms and referring the report to 
reality/irreality plane, writes N.Yu.Shvedova,— every utterance possesses subjective 
modal meaning. The objective-modal meaning expresses the character of the relation of 
the reported information to reality, whereas the subjective modal meaning expresses the 
attitude of the speaker to the reported information. This meaning is expressed not through 
the structural scheme and its forms but by additional grammatic, lexico-grammatic and 
intonation means, imposed on one or another form of the sentence 
The third approach to modality is found in modern English grammars, which avoid 
giving any definition to this category, evidently looking upon it as a matter of course, and 
confine themselves only to stating the forms which carry modality. (J.Lyons, R.Quirk). 
Out of the three enumerated approaches to the category of modality the second one 
is the most suitable for the theory of interpretation, because it distinguishes objective and 
subjective modality. The introduction of subjective modal meaning into the general ca-
tegory of modality represents an important stage in extending the limits of grammatic 
analysis of a sentence and serves as a bridge connecting a sentence with an utterance and 
a text. So, I.R.Galperin demarcates phrase and text subjective-evaluating modality. 
According to his definition, phrase modality is expressed by grammatic and lexical means; 
text modality, besides these means applied in a special way, is realized in personages' 
characters, in a peculiar distribution of predicative and relative spans of the text, in 
epigrammatic statements, in deductions, in foregrounding some parts of the text, etc. 
Modality is especially 

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