Plural of Nouns
pen(s), class(es), man (men)
The plural of a noun is usually –s / –es :
singular (= one) and plural (= two or more)
a pencil – two pencils
a book – four books
this shop – these shops
a victim – five victims
that student – those students
a desk – seven desks
a car – three cars
a table – two tables
a boy – five boys
a year – ten years
an hour – three hours
an egg – seven eggs
a box – six boxes
a week – two weeks
a flower – some flowers
a nice place – many nice places
an old friend – two old friends
a question – some questions
a red car – three red cars
a criminal – two criminals
an investigator – some investigators
an officer – nine officers
a picture – four pictures
a bird – some birds
a kitten – three kittens
a witness – two witnesses
Spelling
-s / -sh / -ch / -x
-es
also -o
bus–buses dish–dishes church–churches
box–boxes
potato–potatoes
-y -ies
but -ay / -ey / -oy -ys
city–cities baby–babies party–parties
day–days key–keys boy–boys
-f / -fe -ves shelf–shelves wife–wives life–lives
These things are plural in English:
tights (a pair of tights)
scissors [′sizəz] (a pair of scissors)
glasses [′gla:siz] (a pair of glasses)
trousers (a pair of trousers)
jeans (a pair of jeans)
shorts (a pair of shorts)
pyjamas [pi′dзa:məz] (a pair of pyjamas)
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Some plurals do not end in -s:
a man – men
a woman – women
a child – children
a foot – feet
a tooth – teeth
a sheep – sheep
a fish – fish
a kind man – three tall men
an old woman – some young women
a good child – four nice children
one foot – two feet
one tooth – all his teeth
a fat sheep – ten sheep
a little fish – a lot of fish
a person – two people / some people / a lot of people
• She is a nice person. but They are nice people (not “nice
persons”).
People is plural (=they):
• A lot of people speak English. (not “speaks”)
• I like the people here. They are very friendly.
Police is plural:
• The police are at the crime scene.
This – these / that – those
this – these:
this boy – these boys (the object is close to the speaker).
that – those:
that man – those men (the object is not close to the speaker).
• This is a map and that is a notebook.
• This is a judge and that is a criminal.
• This is a teacher and those are students.
• These are children and that is a man.
• Those are women and these are men.
• That is an investigator and this is a witness.
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• This is Mike, those are his friends.
Questions
Responses
This is a bag, isn't it?
That is a tape, isn't it?
These are scissors, aren't they?
Those are tourists, aren't they?
Yes, it is.
Yes, it is a tape.
That’s right.
Yes, they are.
No, it is not.
It’s a book.
No, they aren't.
EXERCISES
2.8. Rewrite the following in the plural, if possible.
1. a judge –
judges
.
8. a ministry – ......................
2. a city – .............................
9. a child – ..........................
3. a student – ....................... 10. a man – ..........................
4. an address – .....................
11. a holiday – .....................
5. a knife – ...........................
12. a family – ......................
6. an Academy – ..................
13. a shelf – .........................
7. a potato – .........................
14. a boy – ...........................
2.9. Rewrite the following in the singular, if possible.
Norms, flies, flats, mice, courts, streets, men, cities, scissors,
judges, teeth, jeans, oxen, cases, feet, news, knives, boxes,
children, photos.
2.10.
Rewrite the following in the plural:
1. this crime –
these crimes.
7. an old friend – ................
2. that investigator – .............. 8. his little child –....................
3. this bad criminal – ............. 9. her tooth – ............................
4. that good student – ............ 10. your question – ..................
5. my teacher – ...................... 11. a big city – ..........................
6. a tall man – ........................ 12. a pretty woman – ...............
2.11. Translate into Uzbek or Russian.
1. This hotel is expensive but it’s very nice.
2. Which shoes do you like most? These or those?
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3. “I'm sorry I'm late”. “That's all right”.
4. “You are a student, aren't you?” “Yes that's right”.
5.
“I can't come to the party tomorrow.” “Oh, that's a pity. Why not?”
6. “Mark, this is my sister, Ann.” “Hello, Ann.”
I do / he does (the present simple tense)
positive negative
I
We
You
They
work
read
do
study
I
We
You
They
do not
(don’t)
watch
work
read
do
He
She
It
lives
watches
takes
He
She
It
does not
(doesn’t)
live
study
take
• I study at the Academy of the Ministry of Internal affairs.
• My brother works at a bank. But my sister does not work.
• Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland.
• It takes you 10 minutes to get to the Academy. Don't hurry.
Spelling:
-es after -s / -sh / -ch:
-y – -ies:
also:
pass – passes, finish – finishes,
watch – watches;
study – studies, try – tries;
do – does, go – goes
• Tim finishes his work at 7 o'clock.
• My sister studies law.
• My car doesn't use much petrol.
• Bill does his job very well.
• The Earth goes round the Sun.
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question short answers
Do
I
we
you
they
work?
like?
do?
read?
Yes,
I / we / you / they
he / she / it
do.
does.
Does
he
she
it
drive?
watch?
live?
No,
I / we / you / they
he / she / it
don’t.
doesn’t.
• “Do you work in the evening?” “Yes, I do.”
• “Do your brothers speak English?” “No, they don't”.
• “Does Chris drive a car?” “Yes, he does”.
• “Where do your friends live?” “In Samarkand.”
• “What does this word mean?” “I don't know.”
• “How much does it cost?” “Five dollars.”
Always / never / often / sometimes / usually + simple present:
• Sue always arrives at work early. (not “Sue arrives always”)
• I usually go to the Academy by bus but sometimes I walk.
• Tim never watches television. He usually listens to the radio.
• We often see him near the bank.
• Do you always have time to play tennis?
• Does your brother often go to the library?
• What do you usually do at weekends?
Word order
Positive and negative:
subject + predicate
Now
My friend
We
The student
You
The boy
He
I
–
don’t
–
don’t
–
doesn’t
–
studies
work
reads
work
reads
work
play
at the Academy
at the Ministry
at the library
at a school
at the library
in the evening
football
now.
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Questions:
do / does + subject + predicate
Where
What
How much
Do
Do
Does
do
does
does
you
your parents
Alisher
your friends
this word
it
study
work
use
study?
mean?
cost
in the evening?
at university?
a revolver?
to fly to London?
Questions with always / often / usually:
What
Where
Why
Do
Does
do
does
do
you
Pete
you
he
you
always
often
usually
usually
always
have
visit
do
go
forget
breakfast?
his parents?
in the evening?
on his holidays?
your promise?
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