Oxford University Press Walton Street, Oxford 0X2 6DP


past five. ...at about ten past five, I mean



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oxford guide to english grammar

past five.

...at about ten past five, I mean twenty past five.

The speaker can also stop to go back and explain something that was missed out.



So I timed it very carefully that I was going to leave at about ten past five - this

was in, er, this was in central London.


7 SPOKEN ENGLISH AND WRITTEN ENGLISH PAGE 66

2 Here is an example of written English.

CYCLING

The rising cost of petrol and increasing traffic congestion in towns have brought

back for the bicycle some of the popularity it was beginning to lose. Cycling is

healthy, practical, and, for many people, a popular recreation.

(from H. Turner The Consumer's A-Z)

This is typical of a written textbook style. A spoken version would be different.

'Well, the cost of petrol is going up, and there is so much traffic in towns these

days, isn't there? And so bicycles have become more popular now after a time

when not so many people were using them. I think cycling is good for you, and it's

practical, and lots of people enjoy it.'

One important difference is that a writer often expresses in a noun phrase what a

speaker expresses in a clause.

Written Spoken



the rising cost of petrol ' the cost of petrol is going up'

a popular recreation ' lots of people enjoy it'

For more details about nominalization, • 149.




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