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oxford guide to english grammar

If I win the prize, I'll share it with you.

If you're walking along the cliff top, don't go too near the edge.

If you don't leave immediately, I'll call the police.

257 Verbs in conditional sentences

1 Introduction

a We can use many different verb forms in conditional sentences. Here are some

real examples.



If you haven't got television, you can't watch it.

If you go to one of the agencies, they have a lot of temporary jobs.

If someone else has requested the book, you would have to give it back.

If you lived on the planet Mercury, you would have four birthdays in a single

Earth year.

In general we use verb forms in conditional sentences in the same way as in other

kinds of sentences. In open conditions we use the present to refer to the future (if

you go to one of the agencies). When we talk about something unreal we often use

the past (if you lived) and would (you would have four birthdays).

NOTE

When the condition is true, we use verb forms in the normal way.



Well, if your friends left half an hour ago, they aren't going to get to Cornwall by tea time.


b There are some verb forms which often go together. These patterns are usually

called Types 1, 2 and 3.

Type 1: If the company fails, we will lose our money.

Type 2: If the company failed, we would lose our money.

Type 3: If the company had failed, we would have lost our money.

There is another common pattern which we can call Type 0.

Type 0: If the company fails, we lose our money.

c The if-clause usually comes before the main clause, but it can come after it.

• 249(2,3)

We lose our money if the company fails.

2 Type 0 conditionals

a The pattern is if...+  p r e s e n t . . . + present.

If the doorbell rings, the dog barks.


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