123 Adjective + to-infinitive
1 The pattern It was easy to write the letter
A common pattern is it + linking verb + adjective + to-infinitive clause.
It was marvellous to visit the Grand Canyon.
It is difficult to solve the problem.
It is rare to see a horse and cart nowadays.
It felt very strange to be watched by so many people.
For the use of it as empty subject, • 50(5).
Here are some examples of adjectives in this pattern.
'Good'/'Bad': marvellous, terrific, wonderful, perfect, great, good, nice, pleasant,
lovely; terrible, awful, dreadful, horrible
Adjectives in ing: interesting, exciting, depressing, confusing, embarrassing, amusing
Difficulty, danger and expense: easy, difficult, hard, convenient, possible,
impossible; safe, dangerous; cheap, expensive
Necessity: necessary, vital, essential, important, advisable, better/best
Frequency: usual, normal, common; rare
Comment: strange, odd, incredible; natural, understandable
Personal qualities: good, nice, kind, helpful; mean, generous; clever, intelligent,
sensible, right; silly, stupid, foolish; careless; wrong; polite, rude
2 The pattern The letter was easy to write
Here we understand the letter as the object of to write.
The Grand Canyon was marvellous to visit.
The problem is difficult to solve.
Would gas be any cheaper to cook with ?
In this pattern we can use some adjectives meaning 'good' or 'bad' and adjectives
of difficulty, danger and expense. For examples of these adjectives, • (1).
There is no object after the to-infinitive in this pattern.
NOT The problem is difficult to solve it.
NOTE
We can use impossible in this pattern, but we cannot use possible.
The problem is impossible to solve.
14 THE INFINITIVE
3 The pattern It was an easy letter to write
The adjective can come before a noun.
It was a marvellous experience to visit the Grand Canyon.
It's a difficult problem to solve.
It's a rare thing to see a horse and cart nowadays.
4 Patterns with too and enough
In adjective + to-infinitive patterns we often use too or enough.
It's too difficult to work the figures out in your head.
The coffee was too hot to drink.
This rucksack isn't big enough to get everything in.
NOTE
Compare very, too and enough in the adjective + noun pattern (Pattern 3).
It's a very difficult problem to solve.
It's too difficult a problem to solve in your head.
It's a difficult enough problem to keep a whole team of scientists busy.
5 The pattern I was happy to write the letter
Here the subject of the main clause is a person.
We were sorry to hear your bad news. (= We were sorry when we heard.)
I'm quite prepared to help.
You were clever to find that out.
You were lucky to win the game.
Here are some examples of adjectives in this pattern.
Feelings: happy, glad, pleased, delighted; amused; proud; grateful; surprised;
interested; sad, sorry; angry, annoyed; ashamed; horrified
Willing/Unwilling: willing, eager, anxious, keen, impatient, determined, ready,
prepared; unwilling, reluctant; afraid
Some adjectives expressing personal qualities: mean, clever, sensible, right, silly
The adjectives lucky and fortunate
NOTE
a After some of these adjectives we can use a preposition + gerund: happy about writing the
letter. • 132(4)
b Compare these patterns with an adjective expressing a personal quality.
Pattern 1: It was mean (of you) not to leave a tip.
Pattern 5: You were mean not to leave a tip.
c We can use quick and slow to express manner.
The government has been quick to act. (= The government has acted quickly.)
6 The pattern It is likely to happen
In this pattern we can use likely, sure and certain.
The peace talks are likely to last several weeks.
The party is sure to be a great success.
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