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MPM (maximum miles permitted between the cities), (CUM' cumulative distance in miles for the routes', TST ' transitional stored ticket', PNR ' PAX Reservation Record'.
Elaboration and explanation techniques are indispensable to overcome the symbols:
طباعة إيصال التذكرة الإلكترونية برقم عنصر الـ (FA) ورقم المسافر ITR/ L8 /P1
All the aforementioned codes are indispensably used in all ticketing processes. A good strategy could be by only explaining them at first introduction using footnotes.
Another ambitious option available to translators is introduction, proposition or adoption of equivalent codes and terms, benefiting from the flexibility of Arabic language in this regard. This may not encompass some seemingly untranslatable codes- at least for the time being- given the hitherto accomplished propositions as they refer to internationally- codified airline companies, country references, airports, etc. Codes enshrined in the system are part of its programming and the language of operation and can be replaced in designs in other languages. Hopefully, a fully- Arabicized system may see the light if efforts are consolidated in this direction.
Figure 2 Screen display of work areas of Amadeus electronic ticket
Jasir Alavi (n.d.). The Complete Amadeus Manual.
Some codes are commonly shared across many technical sectors such as ROE (Rate of Exchange), EH (Eastern Hemisphere),
Some codes are beyond the surface knowledge of general translators and can only be decoded, understood and rendered by professionals in the field or users of the system, e.g.,
JEDLON (cities of departure and destination) , Apex fares (pre-sale condition), SV- as in Amadeus- (the airline), NSP (regular prices and special prices), LN (prices serial no), PEX 'price of reduced ticket', SD 'student price', ZZ 'youth', etc.,
However, definitions and descriptions of used codes are provided in the operating manuals to enable the translator to decipher a set of ambiguous codes as follows:
FQD JEDCAI / ASV / IL/ R /AT عرض السعر بين مدينتين مع إضافة الضرائب
Terms should be provided between brackets to benefit readers, for instance:
(Shopper fares) أسعار تسويقية، routing fare سعر لمسار محدد, Unifares عرض الأسعار الخاصة ,
Open Jaw Trip رحلة الذهاب أو الفك المفتوح
Acronyms need to be efficiently- rendered, e.g., TTP رمز العملية . However, the translator seemed to part ways with his overall successful and tem-like rendition techniques as in the example:
ATPCO تخفيض خاص للشركات معلن عن طريق شركة نشرأسعار الطيران
A better suggestion could be: تخفيض خاص للشركات تعلنه شركة نشر أسعار الطيران (my translation).
Adding explanatory notes using prior knowledge and experience or available glossaries:
MN الحد الادنى للإقامة, TC تخفيضات السعر للمرشدين السياحيين,
ADتخفيضات في السعر الخاص الذي يمكن أن تمنحه شركات الطيران لموظفي الوكالات السياحية , or rather:
تخفيضات في سعر شركات الطيران الخاص لموظفي الوكالات السياحية (my translation).
TWD/VSV/TVL 08JUNEDSIN- SAAD/ MOHAMMAD عرض سجل التذكرة الالكترونية بواسطة تاريخ السفر وقطاع الرحلة
Brilliant renditions where the translator shows the best of his talent as appear in the following: Informative pricing الأسعار التعريفية, similar flight تشبيهية رحلة ,
/B نقطة كسر السعر, /T نقطة الالتفاف, panel mode طريقة تعبئة الفراغات, HIP النقطة المتوسطية الأعلى, Fare basis رمز درجة السعر, Higher Intermediate Point أعلى نقطة بين مدينتين فسي خط سير الرحلة, Side Trip رحلة جانبية, Sundry charge مصروفات إدارية ,
Suggestions for better translations: surface segment رحلة سطحية ,
Figure 2 Request fare display between two cities
(Amadeus at-tas’ieer wa tadhakir) Amadeus Fares and Ticketing. Ben Kadda, S. (2010). 12
A further ambitious project towards an equal product in Arabic language is required through collective scholarly efforts via adopting codes for all travel- related activities and premises and agreeing on unified terms. Academic councils across the Arab World should collaborate in achieving this.
Some specialists in Arabic language studies and translation have contributed with encouraging breakthroughs and initiatives in recognizing the competency of Arabic language in introducing and developing techniques of formulating abbreviation and technical/scientific terms as well its capacities in terms of brevity, economy in use of diction while preserving the content and its precision (Husam el Din Mustafa, 2008, my translation). Following are some notable proving examples:
."(جا) = جيب الزاوية، (جتا) = جيب تمام ، والظل sine, cosine, and tangent "Trigonometry (Math):
Other familiar contemporary abbreviations are:
“Tel (telephone) = ت – تليفون, P. O. Box (Post Office Box) = ص. ب - صندوق بريد,
Km (Kilometer) = كم ، كيلومتر, MENA أ ش أ = أنبــاء الشرق الأوسط, SUNA سونا = وكالة الأنباء السوادنية
Additionally, Mahmoud Hijazi (2000, 96) confirmed Arabic language’s ability to absorb and accommodate with new updates and pinpointed areas to show the historical solid practice of using abbreviations and codes for summarized forms in Arabic such as:”
خ = البخاري = (letter ‘Kh’ standing for Al Bukhari, م = مسلم، : M ‘Muslim”), S ‘short form for Sibawaihi’ (س = سيبويه) , etc”.
Codes and abbreviations are likely to be introduced and disseminated by specialists in each academic or technical field, adopted by translators and later endorsed by Arabic language academies and forums. Skillful and technically- sound translations in the various technical/scientific fields pave the way for an ultimate formation of databases in various TLs. Of course, many complex processes have to be taken to construct and standardize technical terms through translation. As specified by Cabré (1999, 200), a number of operations are involved in the process of standardization of terms, namely: 1) Unification of concepts and concept systems; 2) Definition of terms, the reduction of homonymy; 3) Elimination of synonymy; 4) Fixing of designations; 5) Including abbreviations and symbols; and 6) Creation of new terms”.
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