Orqa miya nerv sistemasining tuzilishi reja

Joints and Ligaments of the Vertebral Column

The spinal column is composed of independently mobile segments that

are connected with each other by mobile and immobile joints. An independently

mobile segment is a functional unit. It consists of the bones of

two neighboring vertebrae with their connecting disk, the synovial

vertebral joints of the vertebral arch (zygapophyseal joints, juncturae zygapophysiales),

the ligaments, and the corresponding muscles

(Fig. 4.13a). The intervertebral disk is of pivotal importance in the independently

mobile segment. It is composed of an outer dense fibrous

tissue ring (annulus fibrosus) and a central gelatinous core (nucleus pulposus)

(Fig. 4.13b). The disks are attached to the neighboring vertebral