Organic Chemistry I


Show elimination product of the following reactions. 1. 2. The anti



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8.1
Show elimination product of the following reactions.
1.
2.
The
anti
coplanar conformation of H and leaving group OTs is shown more clearly in the chair conformation of
the cyclohexane. Please note that the other
β
-H can not be anti to the leaving group OTs. Also, in order to fit to
the anti coplanar requirement, both H and OTs have to be in axial positions, so this conformation is the one that
undergoes the elimination although it is not the most stable one. Since the most stable conformation does not fit the
E2 stereochemistry requirement, so the elimination has to go through the less stable conformation. Heat is preferred to
facilitate the reaction.
294 | Answers to Practice Questions Chapter 8


CHAPTER 9 FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION
REACTION OF ALKANES
Generally speaking, alkane is the type of compound that is inert to most organic reactions. There are only C-C and C-H
σ
bonds involved in the structure of alkanes.
σ
bond is formed by head-to-head orbital overlapping, the most effective
way of overlapping, that makes the bond strong and stable. Furthermore, both C-C and C-H bonds are non-polar, so
none of the atoms has any significant charges, that means no nucleophile nor electrophile possible in alkanes. Overall,
alkanes are rather unreactive compounds, and they rarely undergo any organic reactions. One exception is the reaction
we will learn in this chapter, that is halogenation substitution via radical mechanism. We will first talk about how to
produce radical, and then see radicals promote the substitution reaction of alkanes.
Chapter 9 Free Radical Substitution Reaction of Alkanes | 295



9.1 Homolytic and Heterolytic Cleavage
For the reactions we learned so far, bond breaking occurs in the way that one part of the bond takes
both
electrons (the
electron pair) of the bond away. For example of S
N
1 reaction, the leaving group Br leaves with the electron pair to form
Br

and carbocation intermediate.
This process is called

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