O’quv-uslubiy majmua O’zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligining 2020 yil 14-avgustdagi № bd-5110100 02 bilan tasdiqlangan falsafa fanidan namunaviy dastur asosida ishlab chiqilgan

Contradiction, law of - first put forth by Aristotle, the axiom that nothing can both have and not have a given property or characteristic.

Cosmology - the study of the origin and structure of the universe.

Cynicism - 1. a Greek school of philosophy originally based on the doctrine that nothing can be known. In the Roman era cynicism became an ethical doctrine emphasizing the need to live an austere, abstemious life. 2. more recently, the view that people act in ways to further their own ends and self-centered ambitions.

Deipnosophist - one who speaks learnedly at the dinner table; from a work by Athenaeus, Deipnosophistai, written in 228 A.D.

Deism - the belief that there is a God whose existence can be apprehended without revelation. Cf. agnosticism, atheism, and theism.

Determinism - the theory that all events (including mental ones) are caused, so that whatever happens cannot happen otherwise. Determinism is opposed to the theory of free will, which holds that human choice is active and unconstrained.

Dialectic - 1. the art of testing whether assertions are valid or not. 2. In Hegelian philosophy, a kind of logic that proceeds from thesis to antithesis to synthesis. [from the Greek, "pertaining to debate".]