|
1.6 Environmental development law
Any natural system develops only through the use of the material, energy and information capabilities of the environment. Absolutely isolated self-development is impossible - this is a conclusion from the laws of thermodynamics.
The consequences of the law are very important.
1. Absolutely waste-free production is impossible.
2. Any more highly organized biotic system in its development is a potential threat to less organized systems. Therefore, in the biosphere of the Earth it is impossible to re-birth of life - it will be destroyed by already existing organisms.
3. The Earth's biosphere, as a system, is developed at the expense of internal and space resources.
The law of reducing energy efficiency in environmental management: in the process of obtaining useful products from natural systems over time (in the historical aspect), more energy is consumed on its production (increasing energy costs per person). So, now the cost of energy per person per day is almost 60 times greater than at the time of our distant ancestors (several thousand years ago). The increase in energy costs can not occur indefinitely, it can and should be calculated when planning your relationship with nature in order to harmonize them.
1.7 Environmental Correlation Act
In an ecosystem, as in any other system, all types of living matter and abiotic ecological components functionally respond to one another. The loss of one part of the system (species) inevitably leads to the shutdown of other parts of the ecosystem and the functional changes associated with it.
The scientific community is widely known as the four laws of the ecology of the American scientist B. Commoner:
1) everything related to everything;
2) everything must go somewhere;
3) nature "knows" better;
4) nothing passes in vain (you have to pay for everything).
As M. Reimers notes, the first law of B. Commoner is close in meaning to the law of internal dynamic equilibrium, the second is to the same law and the law of natural system development at the expense of the environment, the third one warns us against self-confidence, the fourth one again affects problems that generalize the law of internal dynamic equilibrium, the laws of constancy and the development of the natural system. According to the fourth law of B. Commoner, we must return to nature what we take from it, otherwise the catastrophe is inevitable over time.
We should also recall the important environmental laws formulated in the works of the famous American ecologist D. Chiraz in 1991-1993. He emphasizes that Nature exists forever (from the human point of view) and resists degradation due to the action of four environmental laws: 1) recycling or reusable use of essential substances; 2) permanent recovery of resources; 3) conservative consumption (if living beings consume only that (and in such quantity) that they need, no more and no less);4) population control (nature does not allow the "explosive" growth of populations by adjusting the quantitative composition of that other species by creating appropriate conditions for its existence and reproduction). D. Chiras considers the most important task of ecology to be the study of the structure and functions of ecosystems, their equilibrium, or lack of balance, that is, the causes of ecosystem stability and imbalance.
Thus, the range of tasks of modern ecology is very wide and covers almost all issues that affect the relationship between human society and the natural environment, as well as the problems of harmonizing these relations. Of the purely biological science, which was the ecology of just some 30 to 40 years ago, today it has become a multifaceted complex science, the main goal of which is the development of scientific foundations for the salvation of mankind and its environment - the planet's biosphere, rational nature management and environmental protection. Now, environmental education covers all segments of the population on the planet. Knowledge of the laws of harmonization, beauty and rationality of nature will help humanity to find the right ways out of the ecological crisis. Changing the natural conditions in the future (society cannot live otherwise), people will be forced to do this deliberately, carefully, foreseeing a long-term perspective and relying on the knowledge of basic environmental laws.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
