6.2.2
Labelling
The following labels defined in the guidelines of the Linguistic Data Consortium
(2004) were added to the transcription, as described below:
a. Silence: marks the absence of sound. Pauses of less than 250msec were
discarded as suggested by Goldman-Eisler (1968).
b. Correction: a correction made by the speaker. It is usually also marked by a
hesitation.
c. Restart: those parts of the speech where the speaker stops and then
continues with an utterance.
d. Hesitation or filled pause: a non-word that indicates hesitation or that is
used by the speaker to maintain control of a conversation while thinking
about what to say next.
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