Олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги фарғона давлат университети

Partial

2. 
   Homonyms proper (classification given by I.V.Arnold)
   

Homophones
Homographs
Explain what kinds of homonyms are they? Put example to all of them. Speak about the advantages and disadvantages of classifications of homonyms.

Types of homonyms	Definition	Examples
Full homonyms
Partial homonyms
Homonyms proper
Homophone
Homograph
Lexical homonyms
Lexico-grammatical homonyms
Grammatical homonyms

3. 
   How homonyms can develop in the language? Read the passage and think about the sources of homonyms. Give your own examples to the sources of homonyms. Suggest some other sources of homonymy. Splitting homonyms is one of the problems in homonymy. Can you find out some other problems of homonymy? Discuss them.
   

There are several sources of homonymy:

1. 
   Phonetic changes. In the course of the language development two or more words that were pronounced differently may develop identical sound form, e.g. knight-night, sea-see, write-right.
   
2. 
   Borrowing. A borrowed word may duplicate in form a native word or another borrowing, e.g. write (native) – rite(Latin ritus), fair (adj, native) – fair (noun, French),bank (shore, native)-bank (institution, Italian).
   
3. 
   Word-building:
   
   1. 
      conversion, e.g. pale-to pale, water –to water, comb-to comb;
      
   2. 
      shortening, e.g. fan – fan (from fanatic), van – from vanguard and from caravan;
      
   3. 
      sound imitation, e.g. bang – to bang; mew –mew- mew.
      
4. 
   Splitting polysemy, e.g. board. It is difficult to establish exact criteria by which disintegration of polysemy could be detected. The knowledge of etymology and other languages will help to supply the missing links. The imprecision of the criteria is recorded in the data of different dictionaries which often contradict each other. E.g. board is represented as two homonyms in Muller’s dictionary, as three homonyms in Arakin’s dictionary and as one polysemantic word in Hornby’s dictionary.
   

4. Homonyms are one of the most important sources of humor. Find out the meaning denoted by homonyms in the following contexts:
a) Mona: “Wherever I’m down in the dumps I buy new clothes.”
Lisa: “So that’s where you get them.”
b) “A tailor guarantees to give each of his customers a perfect fit.”
c) “Waiter!”
“Yes, sir!”
“What’s this?”
“It’s bean soup, sir.”
“Never mind what it has been. I want to know what it is now.”