Noun and Verb

Noun and Verb

What is a noun?

What is a verb?

Noun

• A noun (from Latin nōmen, literally 'name') is a word that functions as the name of some specific thing or set of things, such as living creatures, objects, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas. However, noun is not a semantic category, so that it cannot be characterized in terms of its meaning. Thus, actions and states of existence can also be expressed by verbs, qualities by adjectives, and places by adverbs.

Noun

Linguistically, a noun is a member of a large, open part of speech whose members can occur as the main word in the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition

Some examples

• It could be a name of any person, for example: John, Fatima, Singh, Michael, Tom and so on. It could be a name of any place, for example: America, China, Church, Taj Mahal, Paris and so on. Naming things are like Car, Hat, Bottle, Table, Chair, Ball and so on.

Common and Proper Nouns

• A noun can be categorized as either a common noun or a proper noun. Common Noun. A common noun is the word used for a class of person, place, or thing (e.g., person, city, dog).
• Proper Noun. A proper noun is the given name of a person, place, or thing, i.e., its own name (e.g., Michael, New York, Rover).
• (Note: A proper noun always starts with a capital letter.)

Abstract, Concrete, Collective, Compound, Gender-specific Nouns

• Abstract nouns are things you cannot see or touch. F x: joy, determination
• Concrete nouns are things you can see or touch. F x: tree, hammer
• Collective nouns are words that denote groups. :F x: team, choir
• Compound nouns are nouns made up of more than one word. F x : pickpocket

Countable and Non-countable Nouns

• A countable noun is a noun with both a singular and a plural form (e.g., dog/dogs, pie/pies). A non-countable noun is a noun without a plural form (e.g., oxygen, patience). F x:
• These are countable: mountain (singular) / mountains (plural)
• fight / fights
• kiss / kisses
• With no plural forms, these are non-countable: food (always singular)
• music (always singular)
• water (always singular)

Verb

• A verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word (part of speech) that in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand). In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive. In many languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood, and voice. A verb may also agree with the person, gender or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object. Verbs have tenses: present, to indicate that an action is being carried out; past, to indicate that an action has been done; future, to indicate that an action will be done.

Action, Stative, Transitive, Intransitive, Auxiliary, Modal, Phrasal-verbs

• An action verb expresses an activity that a person or thing can do.
• A stative verb expresses a state rather than an action. A stative verb typically relates to a state of being, a thought, or an emotion.
• A transitive verb is one that acts on something.
• An intransitive verb is one that does not act on something (i.e., there is no direct object).
• An auxiliary verb (or helping verb) accompanies a main verb to help express tense, voice or mood. The most common auxiliary verbs are be, do, and have (in their various forms).
• A modal verb is a type of auxiliary verb used to express ideas such as ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. The modal auxiliary verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would.
• A phrasal verb is a verb made up of more than one word (usually two words). A phrasal verb has a main verb and another word (either a preposition or a particle). The phrasal verb usually has a meaning different to the main verb.

Regular and Irregular Verbs

• A regular verb is one that forms its simple past tense and its past participle by adding -ed or -d to the base form of the verb. (Note: There are spelling rules to consider too.) 

Noun and Verb

Presentation by: Makhliyo Shakhabiddinova.