Non-finite forms of the verbs

NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERBS

FE`LNING SHAXSSIZ FORMALARI

1. 
   Infinitiv Infinitive – to V (-moq)
   
2. 
   Gerundiy Gerund – V_ing (-sh, -ish)
   
3. 
   Sifatdosh Participle
   

Participle I Participle II

V_ing (-(a)yotgan) V_ed/3 (-gan)
GERUND – Gerundiy

Active Gerund – V_ing

Active Perfect Gerund - having V_ed/3

Passive Gerund – being V_ed/3

He admitted stealing money = he admitted having stolen money.

I don`t mind being told what to do.

After having been checked the goods, the owner took them.

Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin (Gerundiy) V_ing ishlatiladi: I finished reading.

Appreciate	Yuqori baholomoq	Risk
Admit	Kirmoq	resume
Avoid	Qochmoq	recollect
Anticipate	Oldindan ko’rmoq	Involve
Delay	Kechiktirish	Imagine	Tasavvur etmoq
Deny	Inkor qilmoq, Rad qilmoq	finish	Oxiri
Detest	Yomon ko’rmoq	Fancy	G’alati qiliq
Enjoy	Yoqimli	Forgive
Excuse	Avf,uzr kechirim	Postpone
Escape	Qochish	Suggest	Taklif qilmoq
Consider	Hisobga olmoq	Save	saqlamoq
Capable of		Smell
Can’t bear		Justify
Can’t stand		Keep	Saqlamoq
Can’t suffer		Look like	O’xshamoq
Can’t face		Tolerate
Can’t help		favour
Go	Bormoq	Face	Yuz
Go on		find	Topmoq
Report	hisobot bermoq	mind
Resent		miss	Honim
Resist	Qarshilik ko’rsatmoq	mention	Eslatib o’tmoq
Recall	Chaqir(tir)ib olmoq	Quit
Regret	Achinish,afsuslanish	Practice	Amaliyot , shug’ullanmoq

Quyidagi bog’lovchilardan keyin (Gerundiy) V_ing ishlatiladi:

As well as	Shu qatorda shu bilan birga	Because of	Sababli
While	..gacha	After	Keyin
Owing to	Tufayli	Besides	Dan tashqari undanbo’lak
As	Dek,kabi	Despite	Qaramasdan, shunga qaramy
Against	Qarshi	Before	oldin
By	Orqali	When	qachin
In favour of	foydasiga	Due to	sababli
In spite of	..ga qaramay	As a result of
Since	Beri,buyon	Before	oldin

Sarah went to work in spite of not feeling well.

BUT: that bog’lovchisidan keyin gerundiy ishlatilmaydi:

That (bog’lovchi) + Gerundiy that + Subject + Verb = (that + S + V)

He admitted that he had stolen the money.

• 
  Quyidagi iboralardan keyin (Gerundiy) V_ing ishlatiladi:
  

It’s no use / it’s no good

There’s no point in

Difficulty in

Have difficulty

It’s worth / it’s not worth

A waste of money / time

Spend / waste

Have trouble

+ (Gerundiy) V_ing

There is no point in reading when you want to sleep.
INFINITIVE – Infinitiv

Active Infinitive – to V

Active Continuous Infinitive – to be V_ing

Active Perfect Infinitive – to have V_ed/3

Passive Infinitive – to be V_ed/3

Negative Infinitive (Inkor shakli) – not to V

• 
  Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin (Infinitive) to V ishlatiladi:
  

Agree	Able	Expect	Determine	Plan	Happen	Intend	Manage
Attempt	Beg	Endeavour	Desire	Pretend	Hope	Forget	Neglect
Arrange	Claim	Entreat	Deserve	Prove	Seem	Fail	Need
Appear	Choose	Offer	Threaten	Persuade	Seek	Learn	Volunteer
Afford	Consent	Demand	Try	Prepare	Swear	Long
Aim	Care	Decline	Tend	Resolve	Struggle	Wish
Apply	Guarantee	Decide	Refuse	Undertake	Strive	Want
Ask	Can’t wait	dare	promise	hesitate	invite	mean

I want to go. I wanted to go.

• 
  Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin asosan Continuous Infinitive va Perfect Infinitive ishlatiladi:
  

Seem

Pretend

Appear

Happen

Prove

Turn out

I pretended to be reading. You seem to have lost weight.

• 
  Sifatlardan keyin (Infinitiv) to V ishlatiladi (Adj + to V). Asosan quyidagi sifatlar va so`zlardan keyin:
  

Anxious	Pleased	Common	Need	Can’t wait	Easy	Boring
Strange	Volunteer	Afraid	Usual	Deserve	Dangerous	Eager
Struggle	Hard	Try	Good	Ready	Difficult

• 
  Quyidagi fe’llardan keyin (Gerundiy) V_ing ham, (Infinitiv) to V ham ishlatish mumkin:
  

Begin	Start	Continue	Like	Love	Hate
Bother	Propose	Intend	Can’t stand	Dread	Prefer

He started to study after dinner = He started studying after dinner.

The baby began to cry = The baby began crying.

BUT: Yuqoridagi fe’llar Continuous da ishlatilsa, ulardan keyin faqat to V ishlatiladi:

He is starting to study. The baby is beginning to cry.

Dare + to V/ to V

Daren’t + V

I wouldn’t dare to say that = I wouldn’t dare say that. I daren’t tell him what happened.

Help + to V/ to V

I helped to move the table = I helped move the table.

Ask + So`roq olmoshi + to V Decide Know Remember Explain Forget Understand Want	+ to V + object (to’ldiruvchi) + to V
Ask
Expect
Mean
Help
Would like
Would
Prefer

He asked how to get to the station. I want to go there. I want you to go there.

Tell, order, remind, warn, force, invite, enable, teach, persuade, get, beg, convince, prepare, instruct, promise, take (time), urge

+ Object (to’ldiruvchi) + to V

Tell him to phone me.

Advise + Object (to’ldiruvchi) + to V + Ving Recommend Encourage Allow Permit Make (majburlamoq) Let (ruxsat etmoq)

+ V

(ACTIVE)

I made him go there. I let smoke here.

S + to be + made/let

+ to V

(PASSIVE)

I was made to go there.

I allowed to go there = I allowed going there.

Passive yasalishda da yasalgan barcha fe’llardan keyin (Infinitiv) to V ishlatiladi:

I was started to read the book.

Would like Would prefer Would love Would hate + to V Would you like to go there? (Present) I would like to have gone there yesterday. (Past) Like (enjoy)	+ Ving
Like (prefer,like)	+ to V

Do you like cooking?

I like to wash my hair twice a week.

Remember (before)	+ to V
Remember (after)	+ Ving

I remembered to close the windows before going out.

I remembered closing the windows after going out.

Forget (before)	+ Ving
Forget (after)	+ to V

I forgot switching off the light before going out.

I forgot to phone her.

Regret (before)	+ to V
Regret (after)	+ Ving

I regret not to have a lesson tomorrow.

I regret telling her about it.

Try (harakat qilmoq)	+ to V
Try (tajriba,eksperiment)	+ Ving

I tried to open my eyes but I couldn’t because I was so tired.

A: I can’t find anywhere to live.

B: Why don’t you try putting an advertisement in the newspaper?

Be afraid of (ehtimol)	+ Ving
Be afraid of (aniq bilaman)	+ to V

I am afraid of going down on the ice.

I am afraid to go out at night.

Need (shaxs)	+ to V
Need (narsa)	Ving / to be + Ved/3

I need to do more exercise.

The batteries in this radio need changing = The batteries in this radio need to be changed.

Stop (ancha a muddatga)	+ Ving
Stop (biroz muddatga)	+ to V

Stop talking!

We stopped to buy something.

Go on (bir narsa davom etsa)	+ Ving
Go on (yangilik bilan davom etsa)	+ to V

The president paused for a moment then went on talking.

After discussing the economy, the president went on to talk foreign policy.

Mean (ataylab / rejalashtirilgan )	+ to V
Mean (ma’no anglatmoq)	+ Ving

I didn’t mean to hurt you. I didn’t mean to break the cup.

We have a meeting tomorrow. It means taking part in it.

• 
  Quyidagi fe’llar umumiy ma’noda kelsa, ulardan keyin (Infinitiv) to V, agar davomiy ma’noda kelsa (Gerundiy) V_ing ishlatiladi:
  

See, hear, watch, listen, feel, notice, observe, perceive, know

I saw Ann get on a bus. I saw Ann waiting for a bus.

• 
  Predloglardan keyin Gerundiy ishlatiladi (Prepositions + V_ing): I am fond of reading.
  

Subject

+ used to

+ V

(Past Simple)

I used to play piano in my childhood.

Subject

+ am / is / are

+ used to

+ Ving

(Doimiy holat, usually)

I am used to being alone.

Subject

+ was / were

+ used to

+ Ving

(g’alati tuyulgan)

I was used to driving on the right.

Subject

+ get / got

+ used to

+ Ving

(ko’nikkan)

I got used to driving on the right after month.

• 
  Biror ish-harakat biror bir maqsadni ko’zlab qilinsa (Infinitiv) to V ishlatiladi:
  

I went out to post the letter.

• 
  Bir vaqtning o’zida 2 ish-harakat davom qilayotgan bo’lsa (Gerundiy) V_ing ishlatiladi:
  

He was sitting on an armchair reading a book. He hurt his leg playing tennis.

• 
  Ketma-ket kelgan ish-harakatda V_ing , having V_ing , after V_ing ishlatiladi:
  

Felling tired, I went to bed.

Having felt tired, I went to bed.

After feeling tired, I went to bed.

• 
  (Gerundiy) V_ing gapda ega vazifasida ham kelishi mumkin:
  

Reading is power. Jogging is good for health.

Subject + would prefer + to V … rather than + to V

I would prefer to go there rather than stay at home.

Subject + prefer + to V / Ving	I prefer to drive / driving
Subject + prefer + Ving + to + Ving	I prefer going to staying

• 
  Rather + to V
  

Rather + V + than + V

I rather go there than stay.

Subject + would rather + to V + than + to V

I would rather go there than stayat home.

Subject + would rather + S + Ved/2

Present

I would rather you cooked.

S + would rather + S + had Ved/3

Past

I would rather you had cooked yesterday.

Had better	+ to V
It’s time
It’s time for smb

• 
  Sifatdan so’ng to V ishlatiladi (Adj + to V):
  
• 
  BUT: difficult (difficulty) va busy so’zlaridan keyin V_ing ishaltiladi:
  

It is difficult to read. Have difficulty in reading. I am busy reading.

Enough, too, the first, the second, the next, the last + to V

BUT: It’s time + S + V_ed/2.

(Present ma’no)

He was the first to come. He was the last person to come.

Sorry		+ to V
Sorry about		+ Ving
Sorry of
Chance + of + Ving Opportunity	Chance Opportunity		+ to V

To be interested in	+ Ving	(Hobby)
To be interested + hear,see,read,learn,know,find,listen	+ to V	(Qiziqish bildirilayotgan ish-harakat)

I’m interested in buying cars. I was interested to hear that.

It	+ to be	+ sifat	+ for smb to do smth	(mas’uliyat)
			+ of smb to do smth	(xarakter)

It’s important for doctors to take care of patients.

It’s kind of you to come to see me.

• 
  Quyidagi otlardan so’ng to V ishlatiladi:
  

Agreement	Arrangement	Decision	Demand	Desire	Failure
Offer	Plan	Promise	Refusal	Tendency	Threat

PARTICIPLE – Sifatdosh

Partciple 1

V_ing (-(a)yotgan)

Crying girl.

(Doimiy-davomiy ish-harakat).

Participle 2

V_ed/3 (-gan)

Broken pen.

(Tugallangan ish-harakat).

The girl is playing in the garden. She is my sister = The girl who is playing in the garden is my sister.

The man was injured in the accident. He was taken to hospital = The man who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital.