Annex
7
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Literature on risk measures
185
A7.1.2
ECB macro-prudential indicators
In parallel to IMF FSIs, the European Central Bank (ECB) along with euro area central banks
developed macro-prudential indicators (MPIs).
The objective of MPIs, as FSIs, is to monitor financial stability, especially through impacts on bank
balance sheets. In this regard, MPIs consist of internal factors that largely relate to the balance
sheet of banks.
However, MPIs consist of a far larger set of indicators. This is motivated by the objective of
covering all major sources of risk, including structural changes in the economy, financial markets,
and banks’ business activities as these changes influence banks’ risk profiles (see Mörttinen et al,
2005). In this regard, MPIs encompass balance sheet variables but also move beyond them.
Table 48 provides a summary of the ECB's macro-prudential indicators.
Table 48: Macro-prudential indicators
Indicator
Internal factors
Profitability
38 indicators (income and cost developments and
composition, efficiency, profitability, income and costs as
percent of total assets)
Balance sheet quality
18 indicators (balance sheet - coverage as share per the
banking sector, asset and liability composition; off-balance
sheet items)
Capital adequacy
18 indicators (capital adequacy, asset quality, provisions)
Demand and supply conditions
7 indicators (interest receivable and interest payable, average
margin and overall margin)
Risk concentrations
25 indicators (credit growth and sectoral concentration,
aggregate lending, aggregate new lending, lending to non-MFI
private sectors, industry exposures)
18 indicators (composition of other assets - aggregate fixed
income securities holdings, aggregate equity holdings,
aggregate balance sheet, currency and maturity structure of
domestic lending, global credit exposures)
14 indicators (liquidity risk, exposures of EU-15 to new EU
member countries, exposures towards emerging and
developing countries, market risk exposures)
Market assessment of risks
8 indicators (all bank share price index, yield spread, bank
rating, distance to default of major EU banks)
External factors
Financial fragility
15 indicators (total debt corporate sector, household total
debt, household saving ratio, median expected default
frequencies for key industries)
Asset price developments
5 indicators (stock indices, real estate prices)
Cyclical and monetary conditions
10 indicators (rate of growth of GDP and its components,
developments in unemployment, interest rates, exchange
rates, consumer price index)
Contagion factors
Interbank markets
3 indicators (interbank liabilities, share of assets of 3 and 5
banks with the largest interbank exposures)
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