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Measures of OFIs' impact on financial stability
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Measures of OFIs' impact on financial stability
13.1
Introduction
In order assist the review of literature below on identifying financial stability risk indicators for
non-bank financial, it is important to adopt a specific operational definition of financial stability.
Consider the following definitions for financial distress and financial instability.
Financial distress
"An event in which substantial losses to financial institutions and/or the failure
of these institutions cause, or threaten to cause, serious dislocations to the real
economy, measured in terms of output foregone"
Financial instability
"A set of conditions that is sufficient to result in the emergence of financial
distress/crises in response to normal-sized shocks. These shocks could originate
either in the real economy or the financial system itself. Financial stability is
then defined as the converse of financial instability."
Despite these definitions being rough, they provide a starting point for our investigation for two
reasons. Firstly, they focus on the performance of financial
institutions, which is relevant in the
context of this study. And secondly, financial distress is generated in response to a shock that is
not of
extraordinary size, as is unreasonable to expect the financial system to function effectively
regardless of the size of exogenous shocks that hit it.
The notion of financial stability is closely related to systemic risk and inter-
connectedness/contagion. For instance, De Bandt and Hartmann (2000) provide a thorough survey
of the systemic risk literature and provide the following definition of systemic risk, with inter-
connectedness/contagion at its core.
"A systemic crisis can be defined as a systemic event that affects a considerable
number of financial institutions or markets in a strong sense, thereby severely
impairing the general well-functioning of the financial system. While the
“special” character of banks plays a major role, we stress that systemic risk
goes beyond the traditional view of single banks’ vulnerability to depositor
runs. At the heart of the concept is the notion of “contagion”, a particularly
strong propagation of failures from one institution, market or system to
another."
The key idea of both financial stability and systemic risk is that a small shock, due to a
set of
financial sector conditions, propagates from institution to institution and into financial crisis.