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Nasals – In general point of view the three English nasal consonants are m



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Nasals – In general point of view the three English nasal consonants are m, n
ŋ
. (Roach 
2000,58, Crystal 2002,243), although Roach point out that some authors consider the sound 
ŋ
 to 
be an allophone
14
of the phoneme n and claim there are only two nasal phonemes in English 
14
An allophone is one of several similar speech sounds belonging to a phoneme. Each allophone is the 
form of the phoneme used in a specific context.
Nash, Tom. 2005. Phonology: Sound Systems of Language. [viewed 17 January 2005] 
http://campus.sou.edu/~nash/ 
An allophone is a variety of different realisations of a phoneme. (Dalton, Seidlhofer 1994, 28) 


80 
language. (2000,69) Nasals are produced with a complete closure made at some point in the 
mouth, with the soft palate lowered, so that air escapes through the nose. (Crystal 2002, 243) 
Laterals – there is only one lateral consonant in the English language and it is the sound l
(Roach 2000, 61) This consonant is produced with a partial closure made by the blade of the 
tongue against the alveolar ridge, in such a way that the air stream is able to flow around the 
sides of the tongue. (Crystal 2002, 243) 
Approximants – “is a type of consonant, which is rather difficult to describe” (Roach 200, 62) 
These consonants sounds are rj, w. Furthermore, Roach suggests that the sounds j and w are 
“phonetically like vowels but phonologically like consonants” (Roach 2000, 64) In the 
articulation of approximants; articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but 
leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence. Approximants are therefore 
more open than fricatives. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximants) 
.

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