National university of uzbekistan named after mirzo ulugbek english philology department

CHAPTER II. HOW TO USE IRONY IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK TEXTS
2.1. Analyzing irony in English and Uzbek literature
One of the peculiarities of modern science about languages indeed, trend to profound study of sensitive sides language phenomena. In the course of such researches there is work, dedicated to the analysis of language nature and the definition of stylistic devices functional direction. Research of every concrete stylistic device offers essential to the creation of equivalent desertion of language’s system. In the whole… The most complete analysis and the description of stylistic device irony’s attempt I undertaken in the course paper.
Not with standing the ambiguity of stylistic device irony’s origin it didn’t take enough full description in linguistic literature in the material of separate languages, specifically in German languages. There is no distinct idea about linguistic essence of irony in the linguistic literature… There are indistinct contours in functional pragmatic installation. All of them made the selection of this course paper’s there, the main aim is to clear out the questions connected with the definition of stylistic device irony language nature⁹.
In the result of held research were accurate and definite the following linguistic characteristics of style of irony.
1. Reveals and described the semantic stylistical potential of ironically.
2. Define and describe the main structural models of stylistic device irony.
3. Revealed two main courses of ironical comprehension of language unit.
4. Defined concrete speech terms for realization of stylistic devices irony.
5. Defined two semantic type of stylistic device irony.
6. Depend the stylistic functions of SD irony.
It should be noted that as the irony appears complex heterogeneous phenomenon, studied by there types and in aesthetics literary studies in linguistics, though in course paper there is discussed stated problem on all above mentioned for this research is taken from the remarkable American writer Mark Twain’s stories. Mark Twain played a great role in the literature of USA as a founder of new ways and new opportunities with his work making high quality leaps in the development of American literature. He showed himself as the new type of writer for America by his basis of creative individual, thought with his character in connection with the modern public process. He became the founder of realistic tradition in literary prose, laying the foundation of anti imperialist publicist writer becomes unique public written in the history of USA.
Accomplishing the making of American national style writing the frame work of Anglo language literature. Remained oral story of Mark Twain. In the town Utica there is arranged his party and when he came up the wings, sounds of laughter appears. Everybody laughs, thought the man, standing on the platform told nothing yet. Thaw in angrily works about a manuscript in his hand, which he is going to read. Such it lasts 10 minutes, the hall doesn’t become quite. Organizes are in despair, by the hint of administrator they curtain the wings. Only then the public becomes quitted the manuscript is read. And by the first phrase of Twain, everybody in the hall are filled with joy. It happened at the beginning of the 10th.
Twain is famous. It is difficult to imagine 20th century American literature without his real effect or the development of American literature. Two interconnected, interdependent, interspread elements of his work: comic and tragic they are at the same measure found recitation and continuation in the work of prominent writers of USA. The ―American tragedy by Dreiser is the 46 culmination of that process of tragedy accumulation which happened in the work of Twain. And the problem of comic embodiment in the modern American realism can hardly be solved without addressing to Twain’s skill. The influence of Twain in national literary process is varied. Opened problems turned out fruitful and the whole complex embodied in his work of ideas and literary ways of expressing them. Twain worked out the realistic principles of description of national character, gave social interpretation of human relations problems. Nature and civilization, created the original forms of liroepic and satiric narration, bought in different methods of literary traditions synthesis. In the literature of this century literary traditions openings of the writer actively exists, fitting evaluation filling with new aesthetic sense under the action of changing social cultural situation. The essence of learning irony is that the are two approaches to it’s research. These the first is the aesthetic literary studying approach to the interpretation of irony and the second is more foreshortening research of irony in linguistics. We not, that irony as the object of research of aesthetics literary study is wider by its expression in comparison with irony as the object of linguistic analysis, where it expressed by the advantage of word in the form of word combination or separate in dependant word. The term irony by stated different dictionaries with other sources has two different translation which however, does not except each other: irony is one of the components of aesthetic categories of comic and the second is name of definite stylistic device. And in the work in aesthetic irony is looked thought with the range of other categories hypodermically belonging to comic¹⁰.
Essential problems for researches other problem is the characteristic of irony as aesthetic category supposing sarcastic relation under the mask of confirmation of praise. Closely associations the all components comic categories is laughter, the source of which can be very differentiate character and direction. It is in that consists the basis of essential category of comic is division of humor irony, satire. In the structure of comic category happens complicated wave of different senses: the sense of comic is compound sense, arising in the result interaction as positive though and negative emotion. As negative emotions in psychology are understood senses, expressing disillusionment, annoyance, and dissatisfaction: positive ones expression of happiness enthusiasm and pleasant surprise. The language of literary work represents ways of compound human sense, including itself and in itself and positive and negative emotions. Probably, division to our, irony and satire.
Should be connected namely with this emotional ranges, which courses the theme of literary work. Summarizing different interpretation of irony, which have in aesthetic and literary studies, we note the at present the attention of researches emphasized main made to the correlation discovery of expression forms and subject of irony’s form. Some generalizations about language embodiments of irony is found in the work of M.V.Lomonosov, who looked through irony as trial consisting in the usage of opposite meaning: ―there is irony, when we smth, but think the opposite. Author M.Lomonosov almost without changes classic interpretation of irony strengthened as trial, bases on usage of words in the opposite meaning. The statements about irony contains in the work son stylistics literature there of foreign and soviet scientists. In the soviet linguistic literature there is a range of work. Including dissertations, dedicated to the study of the its expression. So, specifically in the material of French M.A.Bagdasaryan researched language means of expression irony.
The author looks thought irony one of the ways expressing vale critical sarcastic relation to reality. In the material of German V.A.Solovyan examined irony as one of the components of satiric reflections reality. The author points the peculiarity of ironical word usage, for which is characteristic to that words, sentences or the whole text is used ironically, they we’ll have meanings, opposite to which are meant in the generally accepted meaning. So, M.A.Bagdasyan and X.Solovyon look through the language means of expression, V.Solovyon looks through irony not only a component of satiric reflections. A reality but and reveals mechanism of creating ironical effect.
The excellent of last researches is the work of S.S.Smolenskya. The author experimentally proves the effective role of intonation expressing irony in oral speech. It is noted that for ironical statement rising statement is typical in combination with narrowing scope. S.S.Smolenskaya gives wide classification of emotional shakes, meaning ironical sense: ironical chatting, joking, ironical notice and etc. Irony examined in textbooks on stylistic but not with much detail, with the range of other stylistic devices. It’s known that study private parts of linguistics. Phenomenon can be identical, if it doesn’t account important problems of essential linguistics. Whole researching language nature of one or other stylistic device at all, and irony specifically tracked close communication among essential linguistics, literary studies, theory of information, from one side and linguistic stylistics with other change of general of linguistics principles are toughed, laying on the basis of researches of language material in the course paper.
They belong to such essential concepts as:
1) stylistic device and expressive means;
2) semantic structure of words;
3) stylistic meaning of words and its constituents;
4) stylistic connotation
5) category of valuation and range of others This course paper is based on the conception of stylistic device irony suggested by I.R.Galperin, and namely as interaction of two types of lexical meanings: subjective-logic and contextual, based on relation of opposition.
The analysis of any stylistic devices language nature includes in itself discovery and description of parameter ranges. While studying stylistic device ―ironys language nature we held complex analysis of concrete language materials or following aspects: structural-grammatical, semantic-contextual and functionalpragmatic. In the description of structural-grammatical parameters or SD ―irony we held on to the following succession: a) definition of SD “irony”`s way of materialization¹¹.