National Development Strategy Croatia 2030: Roadmap for a Better Future


Croatia, like most EU countries faced with the problems of an ageing population, has under-



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21aRoadmapCroatia2030

Croatia, like most EU countries faced with the problems of an ageing population, has under-
taken serious reform interventions in its pension system over the last 20 years.
The systemic pension 
reform started by the enactment of the Pension Insurance Act of 1998, whereby the foundations were laid 
for transition from a system exclusively based on public PAYG system to what is called a multi-pillar 
system. By the implementation of the second and third pension pillars in 2002 foundation was laid for the 
32
Ibid 
33
Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is a measure of relative deprivation in an area. It is based on three domains of deprivation: 
economic, social and access to services. IMD has been developed by MRDEUF with support of World Bank Group. Data on index 
can be found at 
https://razvoj.gov.hr/karte-siromastva-republike-hrvatske/3585
 
34
Eurostat 


Croatia 2030: Roadmap for a Better Future
41 
present-day system. The system has been changed and upgraded by a series of subsequent parametric 
changes. 
132.
The share of public pension expenditure in Croatia has stabilized over the last ten years at the 
level of slightly more than 10% of the GDP, but according to the EC’s 2018 Ageing Report it should 
decline in the future. 
The most relevant factor with an impact on the future decline in the share of public 
pension expenditures in the GDP is a decrease in the future relative pensions, that is, the replacement rate. 
Despite the decrease in public pension expenditure, the revenues from pension insurance contributions will 
continue to be insufficient to cover all public pension expenditures in the long run. 
133.
The projections from the Ageing Report 2018 show that the Croatian pension system will face a 

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