N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ADC ,DMT Rejection Code: METHODS.

The detection of different pesticide compounds from liquid matrices was achieved by aspiration ion mobility spectrometry. This technique is based on ion mobility which is proportional to the molecular weight and charge. The ion mobility spectrometer is able to measure mobility changes of product ions as well as mobility changes of reactant ions. In the ion mobility spectrometer used, it is possible to measure positive and negative ion clusters at the same time in six different electrodes. Each measuring electrode detects a different portion of the ion mobility distribution formed within the cell's radioactive source. The pattern recognition used is based on differences in the gas phase profiles of the different compounds. The results of this study reveal that the ion mobility spectrometer MGD-1 can also be used to measure pesticides even from liquid matrices. On the basis of projection calculation, the responses for 2-propanol (= background) and pesticide compounds were easily separated from each other. The greatest responses for pesticides were seen in the 2nd positive channel. Correspondingly, only minor background signals were measured in the 1st and 2nd positive channels. The detection limits of pesticides were at ng or [mu]g levels. The sensitivity of detection of the ion mobility spectrometer for different pesticides decreased in the order: diazinon, aldicarb, dimethoate and parathion. In comparison with the traditional ion mobility spectrometric technique, the main advantages of this aspiration technique are its fast response, high sensitivity, real time vapor monitoring, straightforward maintenance and low cost. In addition, the cell tolerates high chemical concentrations and still recovers quickly.

Tutudaki, M., Tsakalof, A. K., and Tsatsakis, A. M. (2003). Hair analysis used to assess chronic exposure to the organophosphate diazinon: a model study with rabbits. Human & Experimental Toxicology [Hum. Exp. Toxicol.]. Vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 159-164. Mar 2003.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METABOLISM.

ISSN: 0960-3271

Descriptors: Hair
Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Pesticides (organophosphorus)
Abstract: The main purpose of the present study was to determine whether hair analysis would be a suitable method to assess chronic exposure of rabbits to the pesticide diazinon. A controlled study was designed, in which white rabbits of the New Zealand variety were systemically exposed to two dosage levels (15 mg/kg per day and 8 mg/kg per day) of the pesticide, through their drinking water, for a period of 4 months. Hair samples from the back of the rabbits were removed before commencing the experiment and at the end of the dosing period. Parallel experiments with spiked hair were carried out in order to design a simple and efficient method of extraction of diazinon from hair. The hair was pulverized in a ball mill homogenizer, incubated in methanol at 37 degree C overnight, liquid-liquid extracted with ethyl acetate and measured by chromatography techniques (GC-NPD and GC-MS) for confirmation. The concentration of the diazinon in the hair of the exposed animals ranged from 0.11 to 0.26 ng/mg hair. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the administered dose and the detected pesticide concentration in hair. Finally, it seems that hair analysis may be used to investigate chronic exposure to the pesticide.
DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht334oa
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24133 Metabolism
Subfile: Toxicology Abstracts

Tutudaki, Maria, Tsakalof, Andreas, and Tsatsakis, Aristidis M. (2003). Hair analysis: Evaluation of a simple method to assess chronic exposure of rats to the organophosphate diazinon. Toxicology Letters 144: s160-s161.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: ABSTRACT, METHODS.

Tuzimski, Tomasz and Soczewinski, Edward (2002). Chemometric characterization of the RF values of pesticides in thin-layer chromatography on silica with mobile phases comprising a weakly polar diluent and a polar modifier. Part V. Journal of Planar Chromatography--Modern TLC 15: 164-168.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZM Rejection Code: METHODS.

Relationships between Rf values and mobile phase compn. have been detd. for 20 pesticides. Chromatog. was performed on silica gel (and other adsorbents) with mobile phases comprising a weakly polar diluent (heptane) and a polar modifier (Et acetate, THF, or dioxane). The relationships obtained constitute a retention database. Group selectivity was compared by use of correlation between Rf coeffs., by analogy with two-dimensional TLC. The greatest spread of points, indicative of the highest selectivity, was obtained by use of nonaq. mobile phases on silica and by use of the aq. mobile phase methanol-water, 60 + 40 (vol./vol.) on water-wettable octadecylsilica (RP-18W). The most selective systems (normal- and reversed-phase) were chosen for sepn. of a mixt. of 9 pesticides; these were fully sepd. by two-dimensional development (2D TLC) on a TLC plate comprising coupled layers of octadecyl silica (reversed-phase, RP) and plain silica (normal-phase, NP). [on SciFinder (R)] Copyright: Copyright 2005 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Database: CAPLUS
Accession Number: AN 2002:694908
Chemical Abstracts Number: CAN 137:334217
Section Code: 5-1
Section Title: Agrochemical Bioregulators
Document Type: Journal
Language: written in English.
Index Terms: Pesticides; TLC (Rf values of pesticides in TLC on silica with mobile phases comprising a weakly polar diluent and a polar modifier); Silica gel Role: ARU (Analytical role, unclassified), ANST (Analytical study) (TLC of pesticides on plates coated with); Pesticides (toxicity; Rf values of pesticides in TLC on silica with mobile phases comprising a weakly polar diluent and a polar modifier)
CAS Registry Numbers: 309-00-2 (Aldrin); 333-41-5 (Diazinon); 533-74-4 (Dazomet); 950-37-8 (Methidathion); 1085-98-9 (Dichlofluanid); 1194-65-6 (Dichlobenil); 1698-60-8 (Chloridazone); 2032-65-7 (Methiocarb); 2303-17-5 (Triallate); 7287-19-6 (Prometryn); 10265-92-6 (Methamidophos); 13684-56-5 (Desmedipham); 13684-63-4 (Phenmedipham); 21087-64-9 (Metribuzin); 26225-79-6 (Ethofumesate); 55179-31-2 (Bitertanol); 60207-90-1 (Propiconazole); 66230-04-4 (Esfenvalerate); 82657-04-3 (Bifenthrin); 162354-96-3 (Iso-chloridazon) Role: ANT (Analyte), ANST (Analytical study) (Rf values of pesticides in TLC on silica with mobile phases comprising a weakly polar diluent and a polar modifier); 188959-04-8 ((RP-18W) Role: ARU (Analytical role, unclassified), ANST (Analytical study) (TLC of pesticides on plates coated with); 142-82-5 ((Heptane) Role: ARU (Analytical role, unclassified), ANST (Analytical study) (diluent in TLC of pesticides on silica); 109-99-9 (THF); 123-91-1 (Dioxane).); 141-78-6 ((Ethyl acetate) Role: ARU (Analytical role, unclassified), ANST (Analytical study) (polar modifier in TLC of pesticides on silica)
Citations: 1) Dzido, T; Planar Chromatography, A Retrospective View for the Third Millennium 2001, 68
Citations: 2) Tuzimski, T; Thesis Dissertation Medical University to be published 2002
Citations: 3) Tuzimski, T; Chromatographia in press 2002, 56
Citations: 4) Tuzimski, T; J Chromatogr A 2002, 961, 277
Citations: 5) Soczewinski, E; J Planar Chromatogr 1998, 11, 90
Citations: 6) Soczewinski, E; J Planar Chromatogr 1999, 12, 186
Citations: 7) Tuzimski, T; J Planar Chromatogr 2002, 15, 124 TLC/ pesticide

U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1985). Appendix B - Response to Public Comments on "Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses". Fed.Regist. 50: 30793-30796.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Se,Zn,Ag,DZ,ATZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (2005). Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria: Diazinon. EPA-822-R-05-006, Final Rep., U.S.EPA, Washington, D.C. 78 p.

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 84057
Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1987). Permit Writer's Guide to Water Quality-Based Permitting for Toxic Pollutants. EPA-440/4-87-005, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ATZ,DZ,Se Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1986). Stream Design Flow for Steady-State Modeling. In: Book VI-Design Conditions, In: Chapter 1, Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste Load Allocation, Office of Water, Washington, DC.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Se,Zn,Ag,DZ,ATZ Rejection Code: METHODS/MODELING/NO TOX DATA.

U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1991). Technical Support Document for Water Quality-Based Toxics Control. EPA-505/2-90-001, U.S.EPA, Washington, D.C. 292 p. (U.S.NTIS PB91-127415).

Chem Codes : EcoReference No.: 63020
Chemical of Concern: TBT,Cr,As,CN,Cu,Ni,Cd,DZ,ATZ Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1994). Water Quality Standards Handbook 2nd Edition. EPA-823-B94-005b.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Cu,Se,Cd,Pb,DZ,ATZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (1983). Water Quality Standards Regulation. Fed.Regist. 48: 51400-51413.

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 49024
Chemical of Concern: TBT,CN,As,ACL,Cl,PCP,TXP,ACE,Al,NH,NYP,Cr,Ni,Se,Cd,Zn,Ag,Pb,DZ,ATZ Rejection Code: REVIEW.

Ueda, Kenzo, Gaughan, Loretta C., and Casida, John E. (1975). Metabolism of four resmethrin isomers by liver microsomes. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 5: 280-294.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

Microsomal esterases of mouse and rat liver readily cleave the trans- but not the cis-isomers of resmethrin (5-benzyl-3-furylmethyl chrysanthemate). The ester linkage also appears to undergo oxidative cleavage when esterase attack is minimal, i.e., with (+)-cis- and particularly (-)-cis-resmethrin in microsome-NADPH systems and with any of the isomers when NADPH is added to microsomes pretreated with TEPP. Metabolites retaining the ester linkage are detected in significant amounts only with (+)-cis-resmethrin in which case they are formed by oxidation at either the trans(E)- or cis(Z)-methyl group of the isobutenyl moiety with or without oxidation of the benzylfurylmethyl group. Metabolites of each acid moiety include chrysanthemic acid and up to six derivatives of this acid formed by oxidation at the trans(E)- or cis(Z)-methyl group yielding the corresponding alcohol, aldehyde, or acid, with chrysanthemate isomer and enzyme source variations in the preferred site of oxidation. The major identified metabolite of the alcohol moiety is either benzylfurylmethanol or the corresponding carboxylic acid depending on the enzyme system used. In the course of microsomal oxidation, a fragment from the alcohol but not the acid moiety of (+)-trans- and (+)-cis-resmethrin is strongly bound to microsomal components. These findings confirm in vivo studies on the isomeric variations in metabolism of the resmethrin components.

Uno, S., Shiraishi, H., Hatakeyama, S., and Otsuki, A. (1997). Uptake and Depuration Kinetics and BCFs of Several Pesticides in Three Species of Shellfish (Corbicula leana, Corbicula japonica, and Cipangopludina. Aquat.Toxicol. 39: 23-43.

EcoReference No.: 18399

Chemical of Concern: TBC,DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO COC(DZ).

Uno, S., Shiraishi, H., Hatakeyama, S., Otsuki, A., and Koyama, J. (2001). Accumulative Characteristics of Pesticide Residues in Organs of Bivalves (Anodonta woodiana and Corbicula leana) Under Natural Conditions. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 40: 35-47.

EcoReference No.: 65855

Chemical of Concern: MLT,DZ,MLN,TBC,BTC,ODZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).

Uno, S., Shiraishi, H., Hatakeyama, S., Otsuki, A., and Koyama, J. (2001). Accumulative Characteristics of Pesticide Residues in Organs of Bivalves (Anodonta woodiana and Corbicula leana) Under Natural Conditions. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 40: 35-47.

EcoReference No.: 65855

Chemical of Concern: MLT,DZ,MLN,TBC,BTC,ODZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(ALL CHEMS).

Vaid, S. and Mishra, I. M. (1997). Simultaneous Determination of Three Organophosphorus Pesticides by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Fish Brain Homogenates. Environ.Ecol. 15: 717-719.

EcoReference No.: 18206

Chemical of Concern: DZ,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).

Vaissayre, M. (1986). Chemical Control of the Mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) in Cotton Fields. Coton Fibres Trop. 41: 38-43.

EcoReference No.: 71047

Chemical of Concern: EN,DZ; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ).

Vaissayre, M. (1986). Lutte Chimique Contre l'Acarien Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) en Culture Cotonniere. Coton Fibres Trop. 41: 31-38 (FRE).

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EN,DZ Rejection Code: PUBL AS.

Valdes, J. J., Eldefrawi, M. E., and Army Edgwood Research, Development and Engineering Cent., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD (USA) (1993). Rapid detection of anticholinesterase pesticides.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ADC Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

A light addressable potentiometric sector (LAPS) was used to detect organophosphate and carbamate anticholinesterase (antiChEs), using eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as the biological sensing element. The biotinylated AChE was first pre-incubated with either an inhibitor or buffer alone, then captured on the biotinylated nitrocellulase membrane via streptavidin cross-linking, or the AChE was pre-immobilized on the capture membrane, then a sample containing the antiChE was filtered through the capture membrane. Hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) by the captured AChE resulted in a strong potentiometric signal and the immobilized AChE retained its affinity for ACh and antiChEs. IC (sub 50) values for inhibition of captured AChE obtained by the LAPS agreed with those obtained by either a spectrophotometric method or a fiber-optic evanescent fluorosensor. Paraoxon and bendiocarb were detected at 10 nM, whereas higher concentrations required for monocrotophos, dicrotophos, dichlorvos, phosdrin, diazinon, tetraethylpyrophosphate, aldicarb, and methomyl. Important features of the LAPS for detection of antiChEs are speed (eight samples assayed simultaneously in minutes), precision, and reusability. pollutant identification. pesticides. membranes. pollutants Language: English

Identifiers: biosensors
Subfile: Water Resources Abstracts

VAN DE VEIRE M (1990). CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE CECID HETEROPEZA-PYGMAEA IN THE CULTURE OF THE OYSTER MUSHROOM PLEUROTUS-OSTREATUS. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CROP PROTECTION. MEDED FAC LANDBOUWWET RIJKSUNIV GENT; 55 681-684.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BFT Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BIFENTHRIN TEFLUTHRIN CYROMAZINE DIFLUBENZURON BUPROFEZIN FLUFENOXURON TEFLUBENZURON DIAZINON ENDOSULGAN Congresses/ Biology/ Biochemistry/ Vegetables/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Plants/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Insecticides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Basidiomycota/ Diptera

Van de Vrie, M. (1967). The Effect of Some Pesticides on the Predatory Bugs Anthocoris nemorum L. and Orius spec. and on the Woolly Aphid Parasite Aphelinus mali Hald. Entomophaga Mem.Hors Ser. 3: 95-101.

EcoReference No.: 69418

Chemical of Concern: PRN,ES,DZ; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ).

Van Der Geest, H. G., Greve, G. D., Boivin, M. E., Kraak, M. H. S., and Van Gestel, C. A. M. ( 2000). Mixture toxicity of copper and diazinon to larvae of the mayfly (Ephoron virgo) judging additivity at different effect levels. Environmental toxicology and chemistry [environ. Toxicol. Chem.]. Vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2900-2905. Dec 2000.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: Cu Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS/MIXTURE.

The toxic unit concept is commonly applied for determining the effects of a mixture of toxicants. Use of this concept is, however, limited to compounds with similarly shaped dose-response relationships. In the present study, a method is proposed to gain insight regarding the influence of differences in the shapes of dose-response relationships on the applicability of the concentration-addition model by judging additivity at different effect levels. To this purpose, two model toxicants with different modes of action and dose-response relationships were selected: copper, and diazinon. Using mortality of the mayfly (Ephoron virgo) as the endpoint, it was demonstrated that the two compounds act in a less-than-concentration-additive manner. Application of the proposed calculation method revealed that the less-than-concentration-addition effect was independent of the effect level on which the mixture was judged. Classification: Q5 01504 Effects on organisms

Classification: X 24161 Acute exposure
Classification: Z 05183 Toxicology & resistance
Classification: P 6000 TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH
Classification: X 24131 Acute exposure
Subfile: ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts

Van Der Geest, H. G., Stuijfzand, S. C., Kraak, M. H. S., and Admiraal, W. (1997). Impact of a diazinon calamity in 1996 on the aquatic macroinvertebrates in the River Meuse, The Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology [NETH. J. AQUAT. ECOL.]. Vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 327-330. May 1997.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: INCIDENT.

ISSN: 1380-8427

Descriptors: Insecticides
Descriptors: Bioassays
Descriptors: Pollution effects
Descriptors: Toxicity
Descriptors: Lethal limits
Descriptors: Aquatic insects
Descriptors: Macroinvertebrates
Descriptors: Bioassay
Descriptors: Mortality
Descriptors: Aquatic Environment
Descriptors: Chironomus riparius
Descriptors: Hydropsyche angustipennis
Descriptors: Invertebrata
Descriptors: Netherlands, Meuse R.
Abstract: A more or less continuous load of pesticides has been noted in the River Meuse in recent years. In April 1996, when high concentrations (up to ca. 1 mu g l super(-1)) of the insecticide diazinon were measured in the River Meuse at the Belgian-Dutch border, the maximum concentration for drinking water production was exceeded. This was alerted after activity changes of fish and daphnids in the biological monitoring systems (RIZA). These observations were compared with literature toxicity data of diazinon, in order to determine the ecological impact of this diazinon discharge on the aquatic macroinvertebrates. LC sub(50) values of several aquatic macroinvertebrate species were exceeded. In addition, a high mortality was observed in bioassays with the midge Chironomus riparius and the caddisfly Hydropsyche angustipennis. It is inferred that the species composition of the macrofauna community in the River Meuse is likely to be reduced by such an accident. Recolonization of the River Meuse by sensitive macrofauna species may therefore be prevented by incidental pesticide discharges.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Environmental Regime: Freshwater
Classification: Q5 01504 Effects on organisms
Classification: SW 3030 Effects of pollution
Classification: Z 05210 Aquatic entomology
Classification: D 04803 Pollution effects
Subfile: Ecology Abstracts; Entomology Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality

Van der Geest, H. G., Stuijfzand, S. C., Kraak, M. H. S., and Admiraal, W. (1997). Impact of a Diazinon Calamity in 1996 on the Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in the River Meuse, The Netherlands. Neth.J.Aquat.Ecol. 30: 327-330.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

Van Erp, S., Booth, L., Gooneratne, R., and O'Halloran, K. (2002). Sublethal Responses of Wolf spiders (Lycosidae) to Organophosphorous Insecticides. Environ.Toxicol. 17: 449-456.

EcoReference No.: 82065

Chemical of Concern: DZ,CPY; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ).

VAN METRE PC and CALLENDER, E. (1996). Identifying water-quality trends in the Trinity River, Texas, USA, 1969-1992, using sediment cores from Lake Livingston. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY; 28 190-200.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Chemical analyses were done on cores of bottom sediment from three locations in Lake Livingston, a reservoir on the Trinity River in east Texas to identify trends in water quality in the Trinity River using the chemical record preserved in bottom sediments trapped by the reservoir. Sediment cores spanned the period from 1969, when the reservoir was impounded, to 1992, when the cores were collected. Chemical concentrations in reservoir sediment samples were compared to concentrations for 14 strea River Basin and to reported concentrations for soils in the eastern United States and shale. These comparisons indicate that sediments deposited in Lake Livingston are representative of the environmental setting of Lake Livingston within the Trinity River Basin. Vertical changes in concentrations within sediment cores indicate temporal trends of decreasing concentrations of lead, sodium, barium, and total DDT (DDT plus its metabolites DDD and DDE) in the Trinity River. Possible i Biochemistry/ Minerals/ Air Pollution/ Soil Pollutants/ Water Pollution

Vanninen, I., Hokkanen, H., and Tyni-Juslin, J. (1999). Screening of field performance of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against cabbage root flies (Delia radicum L. and D. floralis (Fall.); Diptera, Anthomyiidae. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica - Section B Soil and Plant Science, 49 (3) pp. 167-183, 1999.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: BIOLOGICAL TOXICANT.

ISSN: 0906-4710

Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis
Descriptors: Beauveria bassiana
Descriptors: Brassica spp.
Descriptors: Finland
Descriptors: Metarhizium anisopliae
Descriptors: Paecilomyces farinosus
Descriptors: Paecilomyces fumosoroseus
Descriptors: Steinernema feltiae
Descriptors: Tolypocladium sp.
Descriptors: Vegetable crops
Abstract: Finnish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (8 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (7), Tolypocladium sp. (2), Paecilomyces farinosus (2), P. fumosoroseus (1), Steinernema feltiae (3) and Bacillus thuringiensis ('Muscabac') were tested for efficacy against mixed populations of Delia radicum and D. floralis under field conditions in 1986-90. All pathogens were applied preventatively, the fungi as aqueous conidial or mycelial suspensions, dry conidia or dry mycelial powder. In only two of the nine experiments did B. bassiana or M. anisopliae give some control. In 1986, B. bassiana SF85-2 and Tolypocladium sp. SF85-4 (both at rate 1.2 x 10 superior 9 conidia plant - 1), and 'Muscabac' (25 g 1 superior - superior 1, 1 dl plant superior - superior 1) reduced the number of pupae by 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively, as compared with untreated and chemical (isophenphos) controls. In 1990, M. anisopliae SF86-39 at rate 1.6 x 10 superior 9 conidia plant superior - superior 1 and 1.5 x 10 superior 8 CFU plant superior - superior 1 and S. feltiae SFS-22 (35 000 plant superior - superior 1), increased the yield of cauliflower 2.2, 1.8, and 2.3- fold, respectively, as compared with the untreated control, but these yields were only 19%, 15% and 19% of those of the chemical (diazinon) control. Paecilomyces isolates were ineffective in the 1986 experiment in which they were included. Our results suggest that it is difficult to find efficient control agents among the fungal and nematode species tested for use as biopesticides against cabbage root flies, but that the potential of M. anisopliae against these pests deserves further study. (C) 1999 Scandinavian University Press.