N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

Descriptors: insecticides
Descriptors: nontarget organisms
Descriptors: mortality
Descriptors: Branta bernicla
Descriptors: USA, New York
Abstract: Diazinon (O, O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidyl) phosphorothioate) is a cholinesterase inhibitor insecticide that was introduced in 1952 (Rudd and Genelly, 1956). When used to control insect pests of turf, it has accidentally poisoned birds, such as mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos ), black ducks (Anas rubripes ) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis ), that fed on grain or grass in areas where it had been applied (Zinkl et al., 1978; Stone, 1979). This paper reports on two cases in New York where it is believed that American brant (Branta bernicla ) were killed by feeding on golf courses that had been treated with Diazinon. Contact with pesticides applied to turf may be increasing for brant since they appear to be feeding more frequently than in the past on golf courses and other intensively managed grassy areas on Long Island.
Language: English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: D 04803 Pollution effects
Classification: X 24132 Chronic exposure
Subfile: Toxicology Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts

Stone, W. B. and Knoch, H. (1982). American Brant Killed on Golf Courses by Diazinon. N.Y.Fish Game J. 29: 95-96.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

Stratton, G. W. and Corke, C. T. (1981). Interaction of Permethrin with Daphnia magna in the Presence and Absence of Particulate Material. Environ.Pollut. 24: 135-144 .

EcoReference No.: 5197

Chemical of Concern: PMR,DZ,CBL,MXC,CYP; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK(PMR),NO CONTROL,ENDPOINT(DZ,MXC,CYP,CBL).

Strauss, John D., Zeugner, Claudia, and Caspar Ruegg, J. (1992). The positive inotropic calcium sensitizer EMD 53998 antagonizes phosphate action on cross-bridges in cardiac skinned fibers. European Journal of Pharmacology: Molecular Pharmacology 227: 437-441.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: IN VITRO.

The diazinone derivative EMD 53998 sensitizes skinned myocardial fibers to Ca2+ and enhances maximal calcium-activated force (pCa = 4.5) by approximately 100%, the EC50 is 10 [mu]M in the absence and about 30 [mu]M in the presence of added inorganic phosphate (10 mM). Although concentrations of added phosphate as low as 0.5 mM inhibit force, at high concentrations of EMD 53998 (>= 50 [mu]M), phosphate only inhibits at concentrations exceeding 20 mM. These data suggest that the effects of EMD 53998 and phosphate are mutually antagonistic. Importantly, both TMD 53998 and phosphate had similar effects on force generation in troponin I-depleted (Ca2+-independent) skinned fibers, thus demonstrating that these compounds are likely to affect cross-bridges directly and not via the Ca2+-regulatory system. Ca2+ sensitization/ Cardiac muscle (skinne)/ Muscle regulation/ Inroganic phosphate/ EMD 53998

Straw, N. A., Fielding, N. J., and Waters, A. (1996). Phytotoxicity of Insecticides Used to Control Aphids on Sitka Spruce, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Crop Prot. 15: 451-459.

EcoReference No.: 67965

Chemical of Concern: RSM,CPY,DZ,DMT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO, MOR; Rejection Code: TARGET(DMT,RSM,DZ).

Stromborg, K. L. (1977). Seed Treatment Pesticide Effects on Pheasant Reproduction at Sublethal Doses. J.Wildl.Manag. 41: 632-642.

EcoReference No.: 35481

Chemical of Concern: DLD,DZ,Captan; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR,REP,GRO; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS).

Stromborg, K. L., Beyer, W. N., and Kolbe, E. (1982). Diazinon Residues in Insects from Sprayed Tobacco. Chem.Ecol. 1: 93-97.

EcoReference No.: 38985

Chemical of Concern: DZ; Habitat: T; Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ).

Struger, J., Boyter, D., Licsko, Z. J., and Johnson, B. D. (1995). Environmental concentrations of urban pesticides. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 38TH CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH., INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, 2200 BONISTEEL BOULEVARD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2099 (USA), 1995, p. 127 127.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,DMT Rejection Code: ABSTRACT, NO SPECIES.

A study of two streams in Hamilton and two stormwater detention ponds in Guelph was initiated in 1991 determine the degree of urban pesticide contamination of aquatic systems. Surface water samples were analyzed for selected pesticides, during base flow and precipitation events. Sediment was analyzed for persistent organochlorine compounds and selected pesticides. A pesticide use questionnaire was circulated to residents of the subdivisions in which the detention ponds were located. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for Drinking Water were not exceeded for any of the pesticides. Concentrations of 2,4-D did, however, exceed the CWQG for the Protection of Freshwater Aquatic Life (4 mu g/L) in 10% of the samples collected. The maximum observed concentration was 14.6 mu g/L. Eight other phenoxy acid herbicides were also detected. The organophosphorus insecticides diazinon, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were detected in water. The herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin were also detected in water. Eight persistent organochlorines were detected in sediment samples. Survey results indicated that over twenty pesticide compounds were used in 1991. Sixty-six per cent of the lawns in the two subdivisions received at least one pesticide application and 36% of the homes used a professional lawn care service. Urban pesticide application rates were higher than agricultural rates for a number of compounds. AFSA Input Center Number: CS9525478

Classification: SW 3020 Sources and fate of pollution; Q5 01503 Characteristics, behavior and fate pesticides/ urban areas/ streams/ storm water/ sediments/ water analysis/ stream pollution/ chemical analysis/ Canada, Ontario, Guelph/ Canada, Ontario, Hamiton/ pollution detection/ urban runoff/ tributaries/ stormwater runoff/ surface water/ sediment pollution/ freshwater pollution/ chlorinated hydrocarbons/ herbicides/ insecticides/ diazinon/ atrazine/ detention ponds

Struger, J., Boyter, D., Licsko, Z. J., and Johnson, B. D. (1995). Environmental concentrations of urban pesticides.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

Descriptors: pesticides

Descriptors: urban areas
Descriptors: streams
Descriptors: storm water
Descriptors: sediments
Descriptors: water analysis
Descriptors: stream pollution
Descriptors: chemical analysis
Descriptors: urban runoff
Descriptors: tributaries
Descriptors: surface water
Descriptors: chlorinated hydrocarbons
Descriptors: herbicides
Descriptors: insecticides
Descriptors: pollution detection
Descriptors: stormwater runoff
Descriptors: sediment pollution
Descriptors: freshwater pollution
Abstract: A study of two streams in Hamilton and two stormwater detention ponds in Guelph was initiated in 1991 determine the degree of urban pesticide contamination of aquatic systems. Surface water samples were analyzed for selected pesticides, during base flow and precipitation events. Sediment was analyzed for persistent organochlorine compounds and selected pesticides. A pesticide use questionnaire was circulated to residents of the subdivisions in which the detention ponds were located. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for Drinking Water were not exceeded for any of the pesticides. Concentrations of 2,4-D did, however, exceed the CWQG for the Protection of Freshwater Aquatic Life (4 mu g/L) in 10% of the samples collected. The maximum observed concentration was 14.6 mu g/L. Eight other phenoxy acid herbicides were also detected. The organophosphorus insecticides diazinon, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were detected in water. The herbicides atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin were also detected in water. Eight persistent organochlorines were detected in sediment samples. Survey results indicated that over twenty pesticide compounds were used in 1991. Sixty-six per cent of the lawns in the two subdivisions received at least one pesticide application and 36% of the homes used a professional lawn care service. Urban pesticide application rates were higher than agricultural rates for a number of compounds.
Conference: 38. Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research, East Lansing, MI (USA), 28 May-1 Jun 1995
Summary only.
Language: English
Publication Type: Book Monograph
Publication Type: Conference
Publication Type: Summary
Environmental Regime: Freshwater
Classification: SW 3020 Sources and fate of pollution
Classification: Q5 01503 Characteristics, behavior and fate
Subfile: ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts

Struger, J., Martos, P., Ripley, B., Boyd, D., and Wilson, M. ( In-use Pesticide Concentrations in Canadian Tributaries of Lakes Ontario and Erie. International Association for Great Lakes Research, 2205 Commonwealth Boulevard Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA. pp. 115-116.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DMB,DMT,24DXY Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.

Pesticides are heavily used in agricultural production and in urban areas of southern Ontario. In 1998 and 1999, surface water samples were collected bi-monthly from eight Canadian Lake Erie tributaries including: the Grand River, Kettle Creek, Big Creek, the Canard River, the Sydenham River, the Thames River, Big Otter Creek and Turkey Creek. In 2000 and 2001, surface water samples were also collected from eight Canadian Lake Ontario tributaries including: 12 Mile Creek, Red Hill Creek, the Credit River, the Don River, the Humber River, Duffins Creek, the Ganaraska River, and the Trent River. Nine pesticides were detected in samples collected from Lake Erie tributaries and seven were detected in the Lake Ontario tributaries. In total, ten pesticides were detected including: MCPP, 2,4-D, diazinon, ppDDE, dicamba, metolachlor, atrazine, dimethoate, lindane, and metribuzin. Maximum concentrations of metolachlor, atrazine, dicamba, and diazinon were 22 mu g/L, 4.9 mu g/L, 2.7 mu g/L, and 0.31 mu g/L respectively. Spatial and temporal pesticide patterns were observed indicating that there were differences in pesticide inputs occurring in urban versus agricultural watersheds. These results will be discussed in relation to aquatic life guidelines, pesticide use information, and possible implications to aquatic ecosystems. AFSA Input Center Number: NO0301420

Classification: P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION; EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation; Q5 01503 Characteristics, behavior and fate; X 24136 Environmental impact Lakes/ Pesticides/ Surface water/ Water sampling/ Freshwater pollution/ Agricultural pollution/ Urban runoff/ Pollution dispersion/ Tributaries/ Environmental impact/ Rivers/ Streams/ Water pollution/ North America, Ontario L./ North America, Erie L./ Canada/ Canada, Ontario, Ontario L./ Canada, Ontario, Erie L.

Struger, J., Painter, S., Ripley, B., Thorburn, B., Boyd, D., and Bilyea, R. (1999). Agricultural pesticide concentrations in Canadian Lake Erie tributaries. IAGLR '99. International Association for Great Lakes Research: Great Lakes, Great Science, Great Cities. Program and Abstracts. p. A-109.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DMB,DMT,24DXY Rejection Code: SURVEY.

Agricultural pesticides are heavily used in agricultural production in the Lake Erie watershed. In 1998, surface water samples were collected bi-monthly from eight Ontario tributaries including: the Grand River, Kettle Creek, Big Creek, Canard Creek, Sydenham River, Thames River, Big Otter Creek, and Turkey Creek. Samples were anlayzed for a number of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides commonly used in Ontario and the Great Lakes basin. Compounds detected included: MCPP, 2,4-D, diazinon, ppDDE, dicamba, metolachlor, atrazine, d-ethyl atrazine, dimethoate, and lindane. Maximum concentrations of metolachlor, atrazine and dicamba were 22 mu g/L, 4.9 mu g/L, 2.7 mu g/L respectively. These results will be discussed in relation to water quality guidelines, aquatic toxicity data, pesticide use data, and possible implications to aquatic ecosystems. AFSA Input Center Number: CS0217368

Classification: SW 3020 Sources and fate of pollution; Q5 01503 Characteristics, behavior and fate; P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION; EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation North America, Erie L./ Agricultural Chemicals/ Pesticides/ Nonpoint Pollution Sources/ Agricultural Runoff/ Stream Pollution/ Herbicides/ Insecticides/ Fungicides/ Toxicity/ Water Pollution Effects/ Watersheds/ DDE/ Pollution dispersion/ Tributaries/ Agricultural pollution/ Water sampling/ Agrochemicals/ Canada, Ontario, Thames R./ Canada, Ontario, Big Otter Creek/ Canada, Ontario, Turkey Creek/ Canada, Ontario, Kettle Creek/ Canada, Ontario, Sydenham R./ Canada, Ontario, Canard Creek/ Canada, Ontario, Big Creek/ Canada, Ontario, Grand R./ North America, Erie L.

Struger, J., Painter, S., Ripley, B., Thorburn, B., Boyd, D., and Bilyea, R. (1999). Agricultural pesticide concentrations in Canadian Lake Erie tributaries.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern:DMB Rejection Code: NO SPECIES/SURVEY.

Agricultural pesticides are heavily used in agricultural production in the Lake Erie watershed. In 1998, surface water samples were collected bi-monthly from eight Ontario tributaries including: the Grand River, Kettle Creek, Big Creek, Canard Creek, Sydenham River, Thames River, Big Otter Creek, and Turkey Creek. Samples were anlayzed for a number of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides commonly used in Ontario and the Great Lakes basin. Compounds detected included: MCPP, 2,4-D, diazinon, ppDDE, dicamba, metolachlor, atrazine, d-ethyl atrazine, dimethoate, and lindane. Maximum concentrations of metolachlor, atrazine and dicamba were 22 mu g/L, 4.9 mu g/L, 2.7 mu g/L respectively. These results will be discussed in relation to water quality guidelines, aquatic toxicity data, pesticide use data, and possible implications to aquatic ecosystems

Stubbs, Christopher D., Williams, Brian Wesley, Boni, Lawrence T., Hoek, Jan B., Taraschi, Theodore F., and Rubin, Emanuel (1989). On the use of N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethnolamine in the study of lipid polymorphism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 986: 89-96.
Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The change in the fluorescence properties of dioleoyl-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)phosphatidylethanolamine (N-NBD-PE) as an indicator of the (liquid-crystalline) bilayer-to-non-bilayer hexagonalII (HII) phase transition has been investigated. Lipid bilayer systems which are known to undergo the bilayer-to-HII phase transition on addition of Ca2+ were compared with systems which can undergo aggregation and fusion but not HII phase formation. The former included Ca2+-triggered non-bilayer transitions in cardiolipin and in phosphatidylethanolamine mixed with phosphatidylserine. The latter type of system investigated included the addition of polylysine to cardiolipin and Ca2+ to phosphatidylserine. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was used to confirm that under the experimental conditions used, the formation of HII phase was occurring in the first type of system, but not in the second, which was stable in the bilayer state. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of N-NBD-PE (at 1 mol% of the phospholipids) increased in both types of system, irrespective of the formation of the HII phase. A dehydration at the phospholipid head group is a common feature of the formation of the HII phase, the interaction of divalent cations with phosphatidylserine and the interaction of polylysine with lipid bilayers, suggesting that this may be the feature which affects the fluorescence properties of the NBD. The finding of a fluorescence intensity increase in systems lacking HII phase involvement clearly indicates that the effect is not unique to the formation of the HII phase. Thus, while offering high sensitivity and the opportunity to follow kinetics of lipid structural changes, changes in the N-NBD-PE fluorescence properties should be interpreted with caution in the study of the bilayer-to-HII phase transition. Lipid polymorphism/ Non-bilayer/ Fluorescence/ Cardiolipin/ Hexagonal HII phase

Sudo, M. and Kunimatsu, T. (1992). CHARACTERISTICS OF PESTICIDES RUNOFF FROM GOLF LINKS. Meeting on Hazard Assessment and Control of Environmental Contaminants in Water Held at the 1st Iawprc (International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control), Otsu City, Shiga, Japan, November 25-28, 1991. Water Sci Technol 25 : 85-92 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: SZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

ABSTRACT: BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM PLANT CROP INDUSTRY HORTICULTURE WEATHER PESTICIDE HERBICIDE SIMAZINE OXADIAZON ATRAZINE INSECTICIDE DIAZINON WATER POLLUTION CONTROL HAZARDOUS MATERIALS WATER RESOURCES

KEYWORDS: General Biology-Symposia
KEYWORDS: Ecology
KEYWORDS: Ecology
KEYWORDS: Biochemical Studies-General
KEYWORDS: Toxicology-Environmental and Industrial Toxicology
KEYWORDS: Public Health: Environmental Health-Air
KEYWORDS: Horticulture-Flowers and Ornamentals
KEYWORDS: Pest Control
KEYWORDS: Gramineae

Sudo, M., Kunimatsu, T., and Matsui, S. (ed) (1992). Characteristics of pesticides runoff from golf links.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

ISSN: 0273-1223

Descriptors: pesticides
Descriptors: runoff
Descriptors: recreation areas
Descriptors: rivers
Descriptors: water pollution
Descriptors: storms
Descriptors: streams
Descriptors: atrazine
Descriptors: diazinon
Descriptors: freshwater pollution
Descriptors: watersheds
Descriptors: stormwater runoff
Descriptors: catchment area
Descriptors: Japan
Abstract: The concentration and the loading rate of pesticides were investigated in a streamlet flowing through a golf links. The water samples were collected once a week for a year and during three storm runoff events (23.9-188 mm). From the 50 weekly observations, the herbicides Simazin, Oxadiazon and Atrazine, and the insecticide Diazinon were detected. Atrazine, however, was not listed on the application record obtained from the golf links. The net average concentrations of pesticides discharged from the golf links were 0.92, 0.61, 0.28 and 0.04 mu g/l, respectively, and their detection rates were 98, 60, 62 and 92%, respectively. Fenitrothion and Fenthion, though listed on the applications, were not detected. None of these pesticides contaminated the runoff water from the neighboring upstream forested area. The concentrations of pesticides varied to a great extent with each storm runoff event. The loading rates of pesticides caused by the storm depended on the length of the period after the applications rather than being correlated with precipitation.
Conference: 1. IAWPRC Int. Symp., Otsu City (Japan), 25-28 Nov 1991
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Book Monograph
Publication Type: Conference
Environmental Regime: Freshwater
Classification: P 2000 FRESHWATER POLLUTION
Classification: Q5 01503 Characteristics, behavior and fate
Classification: P 5000 LAND POLLUTION
Subfile: ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts

Sudo, M., Kunimatsu, T., and Okubo, T. (2002). Concentration and loading of pesticide residues in ***Lake*** Biwa basin (Japan). Water Research (Oxford) 36: 315-329.

Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.

Abstract: The concentrations and loading rates of pesticides used in paddy fields were investigated over a period of 5 years (1993-97) in the Seta ***River*** , which is the only natural outlet of ***Lake*** Biwa in Japan. The ***lake*** 's water catchment area is 3174 km2, 20% of which contains paddy fields. Water samples were also collected in six ***rivers*** flowing into the ***lake*** in order to compare the contamination level and concentration profile. The pesticides analysed were four herbicides (molinate, simetryn, oxadiazon, and thiobencarb), one fungicide (isoprothiolane), and two insecticides (diazinon and fenitrothion). Molinate, simetryn, oxadiazon and isoprothiolane were found at the higher frequencies with maximum concentrations of 1.1, 0.4, 0.1 and 0.5 micro g/litre in the effluent ***river*** , one or two order of magnitude higher than that of effluent in influent ***rivers*** . These peak concentrations were observed during the application period in influent ***rivers*** and two or three weeks after that in effluent ***river*** . The frequency of occurrence of thiobencarb, diazinon, and fenitrothion was relatively low and their maximum concentrations in the effluent remained below 0.1 micro g/litre. The decrease of molinate, simetryn and oxadiazon concentrations in the effluent ***river*** were approximated by two straight lines plotted on semilogarithmic scale. Increased loading was induced by intense rainfall, which took place during the application period. Simetryn and isoprothiolane persisted in relatively high concentrations through the year were also influenced on its loading by the heavy rainfall in the following months. The percentages of the total amount of pesticides released through ***Lake*** Biwa to the basin in downstream were estimated to be 1.3-2.9% for molinate, 5.4-10.0% for simetryn, 0.6-1.3% for oxadiazon, 0.2-0.9% for thiobencarb, 1.8-6.6% for isoprothiolane, 0.3-2.1% for diazinon, and 0% for fenitrothion.

Sudo, Miki, Kunimatsu, Takao, and Okubo, Takuya (2002). Concentration and loading of pesticide residues in Lake Biwa basin (Japan). Water Research 36: 315-329.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

The concentrations and loading rates of pesticides used in paddy fields were investigated over a period of 5 years in the Seta River, which is the only natural outlet of Lake Biwa. The lake's water catchment area is 3174 km2, 20% of which contains paddy fields. Water samples were also collected in six rivers flowing into the lake in order to compare the contamination level and concentration profile. The pesticides analyzed were four herbicides (molinate, simetryn, oxadiazon, and thiobencarb), one fungicide (isoprothiolane), and two insecticides (diazinon and fenitrothion). Molinate, simetryn, oxadiazon and isoprothiolane were found at the higher frequencies with maximum concentrations of 1.1, 0.4, 0.1 and 0.5 [mu]g/l in the effluent river, one or two order of magnitude higher than that of effluent in influent rivers. These peak concentrations were observed during the application period in influent rivers and two or three weeks after that in effluent river. The frequency of occurrence of thiobencarb, diazinon, and fenitrothion was relatively low and their maximum concentrations in the effluent remained below 0.1 [mu]g/l. The decrease of molinate, simetryn and oxadiazon concentrations in the effluent river were approximated by two straight lines plotted on semilogarithmic scale. Increased loading was induced by intense rainfall, which took place during the application period. Simetryn and isoprothiolane persisted in relatively high concentrations through the year were also influenced on its loading by the heavy rainfall in the following months. The percentages of the total amount of pesticides released through Lake Biwa to the basin in downstream were estimated to be 1.3-2.9% for molinate, 5.4-10.0% for simetryn, 0.6-1.3% for oxadiazon, 0.2-0.9% for thiobencarb, 1.8-6.6% for isoprothiolane, 0.3-2.1% for diazinon, and 0% for fenitrothion. Pesticide/ Paddy field/ Water contamination/ Lake Biwa