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Country: Denmark
Committee: World Bank
Topic: “Multidisciplinary approach to combating corruption to end extreme poverty and achieve SDGs”
Topic background: Denmark is regarded as one of the world’s least corrupt countries, and bribery and other corrupt practices are not considered obstacles to business. The Danish Criminal Code (in Danish) forbids active and passive bribery and most other forms of corruption offenses contained in international anti-corruption conventions. It is also forbidden to bribe foreign public officials, and companies can be held criminally liable for acts of corruption committed by individuals working on their behalf. There is no distinction made between bribes and facilitation payments, and the propriety of gifts and hospitality depends on their intent and the benefit obtained. There is little formal regulation of conflict of interest and asset disclosure in the public sector. Despite a very low level of corruption, international monitoring institutions have criticized Denmark for its non-transparent rules on financing of political parties, and for insufficient enforcement of foreign bribery laws. Nonetheless, the government otherwise enforces anti-corruption policies and laws effectively.There is a low risk of corruption in Denmark’s judiciary. The judiciary is independent of the other branches of government and is extremely well-regarded and considered to be independent and fair . Companies have sufficient confidence in the efficiency of the legal framework to settle disputes, but express some reservations about the efficiency of the legal framework in challenging regulations . Bribes and irregular payments in return for favorable judgments are perceived as very uncommon . Over four in five companies and citizens perceive the independence of the courts to be good or very good.
Past international actions: Denmark has been implementing Sustainable development goals for many years in decades even before they were formulated as international goals. We take an economy and social issues first. Denmark tops the SDG Index 2019, tracking countries’ performance on the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Denmark is on track on securing sustainable cities and communities, clean energy and water, quality education and reducing inequalities. The SDG Index tracks country performance on the 17 Sustainable development goals as agreed by the international community in 2015. No country is on track for achieving all 17 SDGs, but Denmark tops the index. Denmark’s overall Index score (85) suggests that the country is on average 85% of the way to the best possible outcome across the 17 SDGs.
Country policy: With a highly developed welfare system, Denmark falls into the top group internationally with respect to social policies. Its score on this measure is unchanged relative to 2014. After years of mediocre scores on international tests, results have improved in recent years. Education reforms have lengthened school hours, boosted math and language requirements, and increased funding. Further reforms for vocational and university education are underway. Most social transfers have been reformed to strengthen incentives to work, with eligibility rules including a residence and work requirement. Poverty and inequality rates are low but rising. Tax-financed health care services are available to all citizens. New structural-reform proposals are proving controversial, however. A robust child-care system allows both parents to work, with generous maternal and paternal leave provided. Recent pension-system reforms have improved sustainability. Immigration tensions have led to the reintroduction of border controls and a reduction of transfers to immigrants, but integration of refugees into schools and the labor market is improving.The Danish pension system is well-structured in accordance with the World Bank’s three-pillar conceptual framework. Concerning the first pillar, Denmark has public pensions in the form of a universal base pension with means tested supplements. For the second pillar, labor market pensions are negotiated in the labor market but mandatory for the individual. The contribution rate has been increased over the years and is now 12% or more for most employees.
Possible solutions: Denmark is leading the way when it comes to ensuring sustainable development – both in Denmark and in developing countries. With the national action plan, new Danish legislation will now be assessed in relation to the Global Goals. This will ensure the incorporation of the goals into our daily legislative work, and we have also committed to reporting annually on our progress. The highly ambitious Global Goals demand a commitment from us all. Public authorities, the business community and civil society must all work together to create sustainable development and growth. This applies both in Denmark and to our efforts in developing countries, which include collaborations with local authorities to engage a wide range of ministries, agencies, municipalities and private sector companies. Our next step are:
that 80% of the groundwater used for drinking water is to be safeguarded by 2025 by means of smarter, more eco-friendly and less -emitting clean-up techniques
that secondary raw materials will cover 20% of the Capital Region of Denmark’s raw material consumption in 2030
to phase out regional diesel-powered busses by 2030 and replace them with electric busses or other busses with similar environmental and noise benefits
Kamola Ergasheva
Ruzimurod Mustafakulov
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