Mt department Nazirova E. Sh

3.2 Identify the circumstances and causes of workplace injuries.

Injuries that occur in production. Injury (Greek trauma-wound) is an injury to the tissues of the body as a result of the dangerous effects of production factors on the human body, that is, an accident that disrupts the functioning of the body. They are involuntary (bruising, cutting, breakage, spillage, etc.), chemical (burns under the influence of acids and alkalis), thermal (exposure to high or low temperatures, burns or colds), electric burns, vine and others.

- psychological (intense excitement, fear, etc.). Injuries can cause temporary or permanent loss of ability to work. In this case, the worker may lose his general ability to work or professional ability, or both. Diseases in production. Occupational and general illnesses can result from uncomfortable working conditions. Occupational diseases are caused by harmful production factors (occupational injuries). They can be temporary, long-term, or lead to disability. Some cases of occupational diseases are considered occupational poisoning (acute or chronic). The etiology (origin) of occupational diseases is the effect of physical factors, dust, chemicals and biological factors on the human body. Occupational diseases caused by physical factors include tremors, which are caused by the effects of tremors on the human body. Heavy physical work, the bending of the human body during work, always affects the human body. Cold causes radiculitis. Occupational diseases caused by exposure to dust include chronic occupational lung fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, and diseases caused by prolonged inhalation of dust.

Occupational diseases caused by exposure to chemicals include chronic and acute poisoning, acute and chronic skin diseases (dermatitis and eczema), conjunctivitis, and others. Agricultural workers are often exposed to a variety of chemicals, including pesticides, and to a lesser extent, mineral fertilizers, carbon monoxide, and other chemicals.

Occupational diseases caused by biological factors include infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases transmitted from sick animals to humans (brucellosis, measles, anthrax, ornithosis, toxoplasmosis, etc.) and allergic diseases. Allergic diseases in agriculture include pollinosis, bronchial asthma and others. Adverse working conditions can lead to sudden changes in air temperature, breezes, humidity, dust associated with petroleum products, intense physical exertion, eating disorders, and temporary loss of ability to work in contact with patients . Also common among those working in the field are colds (21%), musculoskeletal diseases (8.2%) and cardiovascular system (7.8%), digestive organs (6.8%) and others. The incidence of general illness is much higher than that of occupational diseases. The amount of time lost during work due to illness is 30 times longer than the amount lost due to injury.

All causes of injuries and illnesses in the workplace can be conditionally combined into: technical, organizational, sanitary-hygienic, psychophysiological, economic and diseases caused by the fault of the employee.

Technical reasons: due to equipment and fixtures, blocking devices, brake system malfunction or failure, hydraulic system is not tight.

Organizational reasons: insufficient provision of workplaces with equipment, devices and accessories, lifting equipment, lack of fastening devices, untimely provision of instructions and lack of labor protection This is due to poor training, lack of occupational safety instructions, failure to provide workers with special clothing in a timely manner, and violations of rest and work procedures.

Sanitary-hygienic reasons: unfavorable microclimate in the workplace (temperature, humidity and speed of movement do not correspond to the working conditions), lighting level does not meet the requirements of QM and Q, clutter and pollution of workplaces, living rooms (dressing rooms, washrooms, toilet, etc.).

Mental conditions are caused by: constant work uniformity, stress due to hard physical work, mental anatomical and physiological incompatibility of the workplace with the human body, fatigue, unhealthy environment in the community.

Economic reasons: indifference to health and safety issues, as well as untimely payment of wages and the desire of workers to achieve high productivity, insufficient funding for measures to improve working conditions.