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I. See selections from the annals of the Assyrian kings in J.B. Pritchard’s The Ancient Near East on attached pages.
II. See a sampling of “Online Resources” describing the History of the Assyrian Empire’s attack on Yehuda and Shomron (google “Ancient Israelite Kings”, “History of Ahaz,” “History of Hezekiah,” “Hezekiah and the downfall of Judah” etc. and you will come up with pages of references. )
A. http://www.biblestudy.org/prophecy/empire-history.html Relationship between the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian kings to the Judean Kings/Rulers
The Assyrian Empire
It was by the Assyrian Empire that the kingdom of Israel was destroyed. Recent annals of Assyrian Kings have been found in which they themselves had their own exploits recorded. In these annals names of ten Hebrew Kings occur: Omri, Ahab, Jehu, Menahem, Pekah, Hoshea, Uzziah, Ahaz, Hezekiah, and Manasseh. Many statements are found which confirm Biblical statements. Nineveh was its capital.
Rulers of the Assyrian Empire
Date
(B.C.)
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King
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Events
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Biblical Event
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745-727
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Tiglath-pileser III
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"Pul" was his personal name. He carried North Israel into captivity, 734 B.C.
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Isaiah 7; II Kings 15:19-20
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727-722
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Shalmaneser V
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He besieged Samaria, died in the siege.
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721-705
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Sargon II
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Completed destruction of Samaria and Israel's captivity. Sargon I was a Babylonian King of 2000 years earlier.
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II Kings 17:5. Massive deportation of people who refuse to be good vassals.
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704-681
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Sennacherib
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Most famous of Assyrian kings. Burned Babylon (II Chron. 32)
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Defeated by an angel before Jerusalem in 701 B.C. (Isaiah 37:33-38)
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681-669
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Esar-haddon
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Rebuilt Babylon. Conquered Egypt. Was one of the greatest of Assyrian kings.
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Isaiah 37:38
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669-626
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Assur-banipal
(Osnapper)
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Destroyed Thebes in 663 B.C. Collected a great library. Powerful, cruel, literary.
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Nahum 3:8 mentions No-Amon, Thebes and the Nile.
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626-607
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Assur-etil-ilani
(Shin-shar-iskun 621-612 B.C.)
(Ashur-uballit 612-608 B.C.)
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Beset by Scythians, Medes, and Babylonia, the brutal Empire fell.
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612
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Fall of Nineveh
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Fall of Haran (610), fall of Carchemish (605).
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The Neo-Babylonian Empire
This was the Empire that broke the power of Assyria, and, in its westward sweep, destroyed Judah, and conquered Egypt. This empire lasted 73 years (612-539 B.C.). The 70 year prophecy runs from the fall of Jerusalem in 587 B.C. until 517 B.C. at the worship rededication in the Restoration Temple. Cyrus, king of Persia, conquered Babylon in 539 B.C., in 538 B.C. he authorized the return of the Jews to their own land. First return was in 536 B.C.
The Empire's capital was in Babylon. In Isaiah's time Assyria was the dominant power of the world. Babylon was a dependency of Assyria. Babylon rose to world power status and then fell in 539 B.C. Isaiah sang of the Fall of Babylon 100 years before its rise in 612 B.C. (Isa 13:1, 13:19, 14:22). Babylon's splendor as the Queen city of the pre-Christian world, "the glory of kingdoms" and "the city of gold" (Isa. 13:19, 14:4) was clearly envisioned. Babylon's fall is also pictured in detail, naming the unknown Medes as destroyers of Babylon. (Isa. 13:17-19). Babylon was to supersede Assyria (Isa 14:25), Media shall supersede Babylon (Isa 13:17); and Babylon shall pass away forever (Isa 12:19-22, 14:22-23, Dan 5:31).
The Persian Army took Babylon without a battle during the days of Nabonidas and his first son Belshazar.
Rulers of the Neo-Babylonian Empire
Date
(B.C.)
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King
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Events
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Biblical Event
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625-605
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Nabopolassar
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Viceroy of Babylon, threw off the yoke of Assyria and established the independence of Babylon in 625 B.C.
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Destroyed Nineveh with Cyaxeres the Mede in 612 B.C. (Nahum, Isa 13-14).
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605-562
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Nebuchadnezzar
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Greatest of all Babylonian Kings, reigned about 45 years, he extended the power of Babylon over the then known world. Carried Jews into captivity, including Daniel and Ezekiel.
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II Kings 24-25, Daniel. Daniel became one of chief advisers. His influence probably eased the lot of Jewish captives.
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562-560
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Evil-Merodach (Amer-Marduk)
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II Kings 25:27-30; Jer. 52:31-34.
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560-556
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Neriglissar
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Jer. 39:3, 13.
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556
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Labashi-Marduk
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556-539
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Nabonidus
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Babylon fell and supremacy passed on to the Persians. Probably in retirement outside of Babylon.
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541-539
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Belshazzar
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Son of Nabonidus and co-regent with his father. He was in control of army and the government, and surrendered to Cyrus.
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Handwriting on the wall, during a feast. Daniel had been in Babylon for 70 years (Dan 5). Daniel was "third" in command in Babylon (Dan 5:16, 29).
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B. http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0001198.html- Major events in the History of the World from 800-500 BCE
800–700 B.C.
Prophets Amos, Hosea, Isaiah. First recorded Olympic games (776 B.C.). Legendary founding of Rome by Romulus (753 B.C.). Assyrian king Sargon II conquers Hittites, Chaldeans, Samaria (end of Kingdom of Israel). Earliest written music. Chariots introduced into Italy by Etruscans.
700–600 B.C.
End of Assyrian Empire (616 B.C.)—Nineveh destroyed by Chaldeans (Neo-Babylonians) and Medes (612 B.C.). Founding of Byzantium by Greeks (c. 660 B.C.). Building of the Acropolis in Athens. Solon, Greek lawgiver (640–560 B.C.). Sappho of Lesbos, Greek poet (fl. c. 610–580 B.C.). Lao-tse, Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism (born c. 604 B.C.).
600–500 B.C.
Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar builds empire, destroys Jerusalem (586 B.C.). Babylonian Captivity of the Jews (starting 587 B.C.). Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Cyrus the Great of Persia creates great empire, conquers Babylon (539 B.C.), frees the Jews. Athenian democracy develops. Aeschylus, Greek dramatist (525–465 B.C.). Pythagoras, Greek philosopher and mathematician (582?–507? B.C.). Confucius (551–479 B.C.) develops ethical and social philosophy in China. The Analects or Lun-yü (“collected sayings”) are compiled by the second generation of Confucian disciples. Buddha (563?–483? B.C.) founds Buddhism in India
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