Morphological structure of a word. Classification of Morphemes

18.Phonetic & Graph. stylistic devices

PHONETIC.
Most Phonetic SD are: onamatopeia, alliteration, assonance.
ONAMATOPOEIA it is a combination of speech sounds which aims is imitating sounds produced by nature (wind), by things (machines or tools), by people, by animals or birds.
There are 2 types:
Direct onomatopoeia occurs on words that imitate natural sounds:
e.g. mur-mur; roar; buzz; ding-dong.
Indirect onomatopoeia is a combination of sounds the aim of which is to make the sound of the utterance an echo of its sense.
e.g. Tiger taiga burning bright
In the forest of the night.


ALLITERATION – is the repetition of consonants usually in the beginning of words.
As an example may serve the famous lines of E. A. Poe: Silken, sad, uncertain. Rustling of each purple curtain…
Last but not least


Assonance it is SD based on the repetition sounds or diphthongs without reguard of consonants, the kind of vowel rhyme.
e.g. How sad & bad & mad it was (Browning).
They both may produce the effect of euphony (a sense of ease & comfort in pronouncing or hearing).

Graphical SD

GRAPHON is The intentional(намеренное) violation (изменение) of a graphical shape of a word or word combination used to reflect its authentic pronunciation.
e.g. gimme (give me) ; leme (let me); gonna (going to); gotta (got to); mighta (might have); coupla (couple of); willya (will you).
Graph. Sd are used to convey the intensity of the stress, emphasizing & thus fore grounding the stressed words.

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  Capitalization (всё с большой буквы),
  
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  Hyphenation (дефис) of a word suggests the rhymed or clipped manner in which it is uttered as in the humiliation comment: e.g. ‘grinning like a chim-pan-zi’.
  
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  multiplication (e.g. I’ve a laaaarge cat)
  
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  italics (курсив).