Ministry of the higher and secondary specialized education of the republic of uzbekistan

freedom in translation. He treated word-for-word translation as one mad man
translating another. His contemporary, John Dryden, identified three types of
translation:

• 
  Metaphrase - involving 'word by word' and 'line by line' translation
  
• 
  Paraphrase - involving 'sense by sense' translation
  
• 
  Imitation - involving variance from words and sense by abandoning the text of the original as the translator sees fit.
  

In 1791, Scottish jurist and historian Sir Alexander Fraser Tytler published his
celebrated "Essay on the Principles of Translation", in which he describes a good
translation to be: "that, in which the merit of the original work is so completely
transfused into another language, as to be distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work."

Tytler proceeds to suggest certain rules to be used to guide translators in their work and criterion for judging the efficiency of their translations. According to Tytler, the ideal translation should:

• give a complete transcript of the ideas and sentiments in the original
passage

• 
  maintain the character of the style
  
• 
  have the ease and flow of the original text
  

The ideas of Tytler can give inspiration to modern translators and scholars,