a skilled stone-mason, taught his son to play violin and sent him to a country day
school. At the age of fifteen Hardy began to study architecture, and in 1861 he
went to London to begin a career. There he tried poetry, then a career as an actor,
Hardy’s home and the surrounding districts played an important role in his literary
First, Hardy aimed his fiction at serial publication in magazines, where it would
tales “as near to poetry in their subject as the conditions would allow.” The
emotional power of Hardy’s fiction disturbed readers from the start. His first
the Native” (1878), “The Mayor of Casterbridge”(1885), and “Tess of the
D’Urbervilles” (1891). Hardy wrote about the Dorset country-side he knew well
and called it Wessex (the name of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom once located there).
53
He wrote about agrarian working people, milkmaids, stonecutters, and shepherds.
Hardy’s rejection of middle-class moral values disturbed and shocked some
readers, but as time passed, his novels gained in popularity and prestige. An
architect by profession, he gave to his novels a design that was architectural,
employing each circumstance in the narrative to one accumulated effect. The final
impression was one of a malign. He showed fate functioning in men’s lives,
corrupting their possibilities of happiness, and beckoning them towards tragedy.
While he saw life thus as cruel and purposeless, he does not remain a detached
spectator. He has pity for the puppets of Destiny, and it is a compassion that
extends from man to the earth-worm, and the diseased leaves of the tree. Such a
conception gave his novels a high seriousness which few of his contemporaries
possessed.
No theory can in itself make a novelist, and Hardy’s novels, whether they are great
or not have appealed to successive generations of readers.
In 1874 he married and in 1885 built a remote country home in Dorset. From 1877
on he spent three to four months a year in fashionable society, while the rest of the
time he lived in the country.
In 1895 his “Jude the Obscure” was so bitterly criticized, that Hardy decided to
stop writing novels altogether and returned to an earlier dream. In 1898 he
published his first volume of poetry. Over the next twenty-nine years Hardy
completed over 900 lyrics. His verse was utterly independent of the taste of his
day. He used to say: ”My poetry was revolutionary in the sense that I meant to
avoid the jeweled line. ...” Instead, he strove for a rough, natural voice, with rustic
diction and irregular meters expressing concrete, particularized impressions of life.
Thomas Hardy has been called the last of the great Victorians. He died in 1928.
His ashes are buried in Westminster Abbey, but, because of his lasting relationship
with his home district, his heart is buried in Wessex. His position as a novelist is
difficult to asses with any certainty. At first he was condemned as a “second-rate
romantic”, and in the year of his death he was elevated into one of the greatest
figures of English literature. The first view is ill-informed and the second may well
be excessive, but the sincerity and courage and the successful patience of his art
leave him a great figure in English fiction. In the world war of 1914-18 he was
read with pleasure as one who had the courage to portray life with the grimness
that is possessed and in portraying it not to lose pity. Often in times of stress
Hardy’s art will function in a similar way and so enter into the permanent tradition
of English literature.
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