Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

origin independent prefixing bound negative full repetition or reversal proper semi-bound prefixes

The main similarity of forming words is having the way of affixing in all compared languages. And all of them have the subtypes, such as borrowing, suffixing and prefix-suffix. For example, English prefixes are such particles that can be prefixed to separate words and it is mostly characteristic for forming verbs. Prefixes can be considered more dependent than suffixes in English. They can be classified according to the nature of words in which they are used: prefixes used in notional and functional words. Prefixes used in notional words are irrelevant prefixes, which are semi-bound morphemes, e.g. re- (rewrite). Prefixes used in functional words are bound morphemes because they are met in the language as words, e.g. over- (overprotected) ( cf. over the book ).

Prefixes can be classified according to different principles:
1. Semantic classification:
a) prefixes of positivemeaning, such as: in- (invaluable), non- (non-morphological), un- (unhappy) etc.
b) prefixes denoting planned actions, such as: de- (deregulate), re- (redo), dis- (disappear).
c) prefixes denoting time, space, degree relations, such as : inter- (international) , hyper- (hypertension), ex- (ex-friend), pre- (pre-reading), over- (overhead) etc.
2.Usage of prefixes can be classified as follows:
a) native (Germanic), such as: un-, over-, under- etc.
b) Romanic, such as : in-, de-, ex-, re- etc.
c) Greek, such as : sym-, hyper- etc.
Besides, there are a lot of borrowed suffixes in English:
Auto-, Demi-, Mono-, Multi-, Semi-, Post-;


Exercise#2. You are given different classifications of suffixes in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. According to the classification match the suffixes with their sub groups.