50
d)
nasal
3. occlusive-
constrictive
(affricates)
implosive
Vibrant
4. rolled
nasal
5.
vibrant
The presence or absence of voice
English
Uzbek
Russian
Voiced
Voiced
Voiced
Voiceles
s
Voiceless
Voiceless
The position of the soft palate
English
Uzbek
Russian
Sonorant
Sonorant
Sonorant
Noise
consonants
Noise consonants
Noise consonants
According to the palatalization of the tongue, theonly Russian language has
soft and
hard consonants.
Professor U. Yusupov differentiates some consonants in the following way.
The English consonants
[t] and
[d] are alveolar speech sounds, whereas their
Uzbek counterparts
[т] and
[д] are dental ones. The English [
w], in contrast with
Uzbek
[в], is pronounced with protruded lips. Also, in Uzbek, the voiced
consonants
[б] and
[д] become voiceless at the end of words, which is alien to
English:
мактаб-мактап.
The consonants
[ө,ð,w] can’t be found in Uzbek. Likewise, the Uzbek
consonants
[x, ғ, қ] do not exist in English. Moreover, Russian [
ж], [й'] phonemes
also cannot be found in English phoneme system.
Questions for self-control:
1. What is a vowel sound?
2. What are the groups of vowels according to the articulatory level?
3. How do the consonants change on the articulatory level?
4. What are the four groups of consonants according to the manner of
articulation?
51
5. What is the difference between occlusive and constrictives
6. How are the Russian rolled consonants [р, р’] are produced?
7. Name the consonant groups according to the place of articulation.
8. The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition
(Phonetic and phonological levels).
RecommendedLiteratures:
1.
Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского
языков. Ленинград, 1979.
2.
David Crystal. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford:
Blackwell, 1991.
3.
Yusupov U.K. Contrastive linguistics of the English and Uzbek
languages. Tashkent, 2013.
4.
Abduazizov A. A. Phonology and morphonology of Uzbek language.
Tashkent, 2010.
5.
Abduazizov A. A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course.
Tashkent, 2007.
6.
Оливериус, З. Фонетика русского языка. Praha : SPN, 1978.
7.
Лизалова, Л. И. Упражнения по фонетике современного русского
языка. Брно : МУ, 1991.
8. Jamolxonov H. Hozirgi o‘zbek adabiy tili. Toshkent, 2005.
9. Ranmatullayev Sh. Hozirgi adabiy O‘zbek tili. Toshkent, 2007.
2.3. Typological characteristics of English, Uzbek and
Russian languages phonological systems
2.3.1.
English, Uzbek and Rissian languages Stress
Word stress or accent is usually defined as the degree
of force or prominence
with which a sound or syllable is uttered. Languages differ with word stress
placement and degrees of it.
54
The features of these three languages can be seen from the tables above. In
English, the word stress is fixed, while in Uzbek it is movable and it often falls to
the right side to the suffixes:
Eng.
`teach - `teach +er, - `teach+ing
Uzb
. `иш – иш+`чи – ишчи+`лар – ишчилар+`да – ишчиларда+`ми?
Some words of collective pronouns (such as
ҳамма, барча) of Uzbek are
considered as exceptions because in these pronouns stress is fixed:
ҳ`амма –
ҳ`амма+га –ҳ`амма+дан.
On the contrary, with these two languages Russian stress can be
distinguished
with
its
free
(can
be
in
any
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