Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

The back formation is the way of word-building when a word is formed by dropping the final morpheme to form a new word. It is opposite to suffixation, that is why it is called back formation. E.g. it is typical of English to form nouns denoting the agent of the action by adding the suffix -er to a verb stem (speak - speaker). So when the French word “beggar” was borrowed into English the final syllable “ar” was pronounced in the same way as the English -er,and Englishmen formed the verb “to beg” by dropping the end of the noun. Another examples: babysitter, to bach (from bachelor), to compute (from the computer), to emote (from emotion). And this type of forming the word is one of the distinctive features of English among Russian and Uzbek.
One of the Russian non-morphological ways of word formation is lexical- semantic, which can express the similar function with the Uzbek semantic way of forming words. This type in Russian is explained as homonymous meaning of words which have already existed in the language, e.g. кулак (кисть руки, сжатая для удара) и кулак (эксплуататор); бабка (то же, что бабушка), бабка (надкопытный сустав ноги у животных), бабка (одна из парных частей токарного станка), бабка (несколько снопов хлеба, уложенных определенным образом); in Uzbek: юпқа- қалин эмас (юпқа -сифат, юпқа –от, овқатнинг номи), кўк (ранг,- сифат, кўк-от, осмон).
The last distinctive feature of the Uzbek language word formation way is composition, which cannot be found in other compared languages. This type of forming words is formed by combining two or more words to each other. With the help of this type of word formation compound, pair and repeated words in Uzbek appear.
Finally, from the analysis of compared languages can be found several similarities and differences in word formation process in these languages. For instance, as a similarity, it is possible to show the existence of types of affixation in all languages, or amount of derived words and suffixes, which can change the meaning from one part of speech into another. On the contrary, as a difference can be presented some ways of forming words in English, Russian and Uzbek, which cannot be found in word forming systems of other languages. Moreover, the main way of word formation in English is considered compounding, while in Russian and Uzbek it is affixation. Derived words in English mostly can be formed with compounding, affixation and conversion, and in Russian and Uzbek can be observed two of them besides conversion. In these languages, conversion is not well developed.