Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university


Statements (declarative sentences): We live in London. Биз Лондонда яшаймиз. Мы живем в Лондоне. Special questions



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Statements (declarative sentences): We live in London. Биз Лондонда яшаймиз. Мы живем в Лондоне.

  • Special questions: Where do you live? Қаерда яшайсизлар? Где вы живете?

  • Commands (imperative sentences): Sit down! Ўтиринг! Садитесь!

  • Emphatic sentences: What a wonderful news! Қандай ажойиб янгилик! Какая приятная новость!

    Rising intonation in English is a complicated phenomenon. It can express a number of various emotions such as non-finality, surprise, doubt, politeness, interest, lack of confidence. Standard rising intonation in English first goes down a little and then up.
    The similarity of rising intonation in standard patterns also can be observed:
    Rising intonation is used in:

    • General questions: Will you come? Келасизми? Вы придете?

    • Tag questions: (When the speaker is not sure that the answer will be “Yes” or wants your opinion and confirmation): It is a beautiful TOWN, ISN’T it? Нақадар гўзал шаҳар, шундай эмасми? Какой красивый город, не так ли?

    In addition, there is a levelled intonation, which is used at the end of imperative sentences: Stop the car! Машинани тўхтатинг! Остановите машину!
    As it is seen, there are no big differences in types of intonation in compared languages. But we can mention that English greeting and leave-taking sentences are pronounced with a rising intonation, in Uzbek and Russian they are pronounced with falling intonation. Good day! Салом! Привет! Bye! Хайр! Пока!
    Moreover, English and Russian intonations have classification of intonation functions.
    English: attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, discourse.
    Russian: semantic, expressive, syntactic, and euphonic.
    In contrast with above-mentioned functions, the Uzbek intonation has several roles in the sentences: a) as the means of expressing completeness of the sentence; b) participates in differentiating the types of sentences according to their purpose and emotionality; c) as an important phonetic means in expressing syntactic relations.

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