Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic uzbekistan state world languages university

Non-substantial comparison means comparison of systems and their elements.

Internal approach to a language description deals with the cross - system of any concrete language.

External approach to a language description deals with the cross - language description.

Panchronically means comparison of language systems whether they are alive or dead.

Synchronically means comparison of language systems concerning modern period.

Diachronically means comparison of language systems from a historical viewpoint.

11. Genetic Typology is a branch of Comparative Typology, which studies the simi­larities, and differences of originally related languages. 12. Areal Typology is a branch of Comparative Typology that studies (using the methods of linguistic geography) distribution of linguistic phenomena in the spatial extent and interlingual (interdialectic) interaction.
13. Structural Typology is the major branch of Comparative Typology that aims to identify structural language types.
14. Language Universal is a pattern that occurs systematically across natural languages, potentially true for all of them.
15. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding derivational affixes to different types of bases.
16. Suffixation is the formation of words with the help of suffixes.
17. Prefixation is the formation of words with the help of prefixes.
18. Contrastive Linguistics is a practice-oriented linguistic approach that seeks to describe the differences and similarities between a pair of languages (hence it is occasionally called "differential linguistics").

II. Typology of phonetic and phonological levels of the English, Uzbek and Russian languages


2.1. Phonetics and Phonology as different branches of Linguistics