Mind to Matter: The Astonishing Science of How Your Brain Creates Material Reality pdfdrive com



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Mind to Matter The Astonishing Science of How Your Brain Creates Material Reali

T
HE
 M
ILLENNIUM
 B
RIDGE
The Millennium Bridge over the Thames River was intended to be a
marvel. Opened on June 10, 2000, it was the first crossing to be constructed
over the venerable river in a century.
The bridge’s designers extolled it as “a pure expression of engineering
structure,” comparing its sleek lines to a blade of light. Engineers called it
“an absolute statement of our capabilities at the beginning of the 21st
century.” At the opening ceremony, thousands of enthusiastic spectators
swarmed all over the bridge.
Then something unexpected happened. The bridge began to sway slightly
from side to side.
The wobble became more pronounced. Pedestrians didn’t know what to
do. They began to walk with wide strides to counteract the bridge’s motion.
Like entrained pendulums, they stepped to the left and then to the right.
The wobble increased, and the people scrambled off the bridge as soon as
they could. It was closed immediately.
Why did the bridge fail, after the brightest design and engineering minds
in the world had done their utmost to make it perfect?
When they first felt the first tiny sway, the pedestrians on the bridge
adjusted their behavior to compensate. This unintentionally brought them
into resonance. They began to walk together, exacerbating the movement of
the bridge.
In an example of what scientists call emergent systems, there was no plan
or leader guiding the Millennium Bridge wobble. It took place as an
emergent response to resonance.
The bridge’s problems were soon solved by installing dampers to cushion
the bridge’s movement, and the bridge reopened. But the event remains an


the bridge’s movement, and the bridge reopened. But the event remains an
example of how resonance can trigger unexpected consequences in
complex systems.

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