Microsoft Word Saidova Nilufar

Etymological Doublets.

Etymological doublets are two or more words of the same language which were derived by different routes from the same basic word, but differing in meaning and phonemic shape. For example, the word 'fact' ('факт, дествительность') and 'feat' ('подвиг') are derived from the same Latin word 'facere' ('делать') but 'fact' was borrowed directly from Latin and 'feat' was borrowed through French.

In modern English there are doublets of Latin, Germanic and native origin. Many Latin doublets are due to the different routes by which they entered the English vocabulary: some of the words are direct borrowings; others came into English through Parisian French or Norman French.
For example, the words 'major', 'pauper', senior' are direct borrowings from Latin, while
their doublets 'mayor' ('маор'), 'poor' ('бедны'), '.sir' ('сэр') came from French.
The words 'chase' ('гнаться, преследовать'), 'chieftain' ('вождь/клана'), 'guard' ('охрана/стража') were borrowed into Middle English from Parisian French, and their doublets 'catch' ('помать'), 'captain' ('капитан'), 'ward' ('палата/больничная') came from Norman French.
The doublets 'shirt' ('рубашка') - 'skirt' ('юбка'), 'shrew' ('сварливая женщина') - 'screw' ('винт, шуруп'), 'schriek' ('вопить, кричать') - 'screech' ('пронзительно кричать') are of Germanic origin. The first word of the pair comes down from Old English whereas the second one is a Scandinavian borrowing.
Examples of native doublets are 'shadow' ('тень') and 'shade! Both are derived from the same Old English word 'sceadu'. 'Shade' is developed from the Nominative case, 'sceadu' is derived from oblique ease 'sceadwe'. The words 'drag' and 'draw' both come from Old English 'dragan' ('тащить').
Etymological doublets also arise as a result of shortening when both the shortened form and the full form of the word are used:
'defense' - 'защита' - 'fence' - ''забор';
'history' - 'история' - 'story' - 'рассказ'.
Examples of ETYMOLOGICAL TRIPLETS (i.e. groups of three words of common root) are few in number:
hospital (Lat.) - hostel (Norm.Fr.) - hotel (Par.. Fr.);
to capture (Lat.) - to catch (Norm. Fr.) - to chase (Par. Fr.).

There are also etymological doublets which were borrowed from the same language during different historical periods, such as French doublets: gentil - любезный, благородный, etymological doublets are: gentle - мягкий, вежливый and genteel - благородный. From the French word gallant etymological doublets are : ‘gallant - храбрый and ga’llant - галантный, внимательный.

Sometimes etymological doublets are the result of borrowing different grammatical forms of the same word, e.g. the Comparative degree of Latin «super» was «superior»
which was borrowed into English with the meaning «high in some quality or rank». The Superlative degree (Latin «supremus»)in English «supreme» with the meaning
«outstanding», «prominent». So «superior» and «supreme» are etymological doublets.