|
2,50
0,12 0,51 0,78 1,14 1,34
1,85
2,01
1,75
0,86
0,73
0,64
0,31
0,05
12,09
3,00
0,40 0,12 0,78 1,06 1,08
1,58
2,21
1,86
1,34
1,31
0,65
0,32
0,18
0,05
0,06
0,05
13,05
3,50
0,14 0,64 1,01
1,34
1,85
2,45
1,56
0,78
0,85
0,34
0,09
11,05
4,00
0,05 0,32
0,87
1,06
2,06
1,65
1,24
0,60
0,61
0,09
0,05
0,03
0,07
8,70
4,50
0,05 0,23
0,69
1,06
2,02
1,94
1,06
1,21
0,41
0,23
8,90
5,00
0,23
0,55
1,19
1,64
1,42
0,55
0,38
0,32
0,14
0,09
0,09
6,60
5,50
0,23
0,55
0,86
1,31
0,75
0,28
0,18
0,05
4,21
6,00
0,05
0,55
0,83
0,69
0,46
0,23
0,14
2,95
6,50
0,28
0,46
0,64
0,56
0,28
0,05
0,07
2,34
7,00
0,14
0,32
0,37
0,53
0,37
0,14
0,04
1,91
7,50
0,09
0,23
0,46
0,23
0,18
1,19
8,00
0,05
0,14
0,18
0,14
0,09
0,60
8,50
0,09
0,09
0,18
9,00
0,05
0,09
0,14
9,50
0,03
0,03
10,00
0,04
0,04
10,50
0,04
0,04
0,08
11,00
0,03
0,03
11,50
0,00
12,00
0,00
12,50
0,02
0,02
13,00
0,00
13,50
0,00
14,00
0,00
14,50
0,00
0,27 0,58 0,38 1,15 2,05 3,86 5,53 6,98
9,88 11,74 15,20 12,94 10,80
8,10
6,03
2,35
1,23
0,59
0,32
0,02
0,00
100,00
ELFORSK
46
Appendix 2
List of devices mentioned in the report
Name of
Device
Country
www
Described
in
Newsletter
1
Aegir
Dynamo
UK http://www.oceannavitas.com/
AWS UK
http://www.awsocean.com/
CETO Australia
http://www.carnegiecorp.com.au/ X
Langlee Norway
http://www.langlee.no/
X
Oceanlinx Australia
http://www.oceanlinx.com/
X
OE Buoy
Ireland
http://www.oceanenergy.ie/
Pelamis UK http://www.pelamiswave.com/ X
PowerBuoy US/UK http://www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/
X
Seabased Sweden
http://www.seabased.com/ X
Straumekraft Norway http://www.straumekraft.no/
Wavebob Ireland
http://www.wavebob.com/
X
Wave
Dragon
Denmark http://www.wavedragon.net/
X
WaveEl Sweden
http://www.waves4power.com/
X
(as
Bowec)
Wavegen UK http://www.wavegen.co.uk/
X
WavePlane Denmark
http://www.waveplane.com/
X
WaveRoller Finland http://www.aw-energy.com/
X
Wave Star
Denmark http://www.wavestarenergy.com/
X
ELFORSK
47
Appendix 3
Newsletter 1 describing some of the current wave energy concepts
The development of wave power
A NEWSLETTER FROM ELFORSK, ELECTRICITY AND HEAT PRODUCTION, NUMBER 1, SEPTEMBER 2010
WAVE POWER
ELFORSK
General
The first real effort to develop wave po-
wer was made during the seventies after
the oil crisis but petered out in the early
eighties leaving mainly some fundamen-
tal theoretical work as legacy. The cur-
rent development started around 1995
(in the UK) basically from scratch as
only one or two wave power concepts
can be traced back to the earlier era.
Wave power development is concen-
trated to Europe and to a lesser extent
Australia. During the last couple of years
some initiatives have been made in the
U.S., however still at an early stage.
BACKGROUND
E
lforsk has started a project to
follow up the development of
wave power. The project will
during 2010 result in two newsletters
shortly describing the status of the
area and a somewhat more compre-
hensive report describing the status
of the technology and the various
techniques under development.
The project is financed by E.on
Värmekraft Sverige AB, Skellefteå
Kraft AB, Statkraft Development AS,
Svenska Kraftnät samt Vattenfall AB.
Vattenfall Research and Development
carries out the follow up and has also
written this newsletter.
This first newsletter focuses on
Nordic concepts but also give some
background on the general state of
development including leading (non-
Nordic) concepts as well as recent
important news.
A second newsletter will cover dif-
ferent national plans, economical
support systems, permit processes
and environmental issues.
The editorial staff wishes a pleasant
reading.
Per Holmberg
Vattenfall Research and
Development
W
ave energy is widely seen as one of the next renewable energy sources to be
commercially exploited. The European resource has been estimated to approx-
imately 320 GW or 3000 TWh (http://www.wave-energy.net/Library/WaveEnergy-
Brochure.pdf). Even if only a fraction of this is technically and economically exploitable
it could still substantially contribute to Europe’s electricity generatioN. As can be seen
from the figure the major potential is found in an arc from Portugal to southern Norway.
Source www.aquaret.com
National programs
Public funding is crucial for wave power
development and is now gearing up from
rather low levels. Funding is needed for
all steps before a commercial level is
reached including
·
Basic R&D in universities and
institutes
·
Initial concept development
·
Full scale prototypes
·
Ocean test facilities
·
Feed-in tariffs or similar of sufficient
magnitude
UK is undoubtly the centre of gravity for
wave energy development in Europe (as
well as the world). The UK government
1
WAVE POWER
ELFORSK
funding exceeds the cumulative funding
of the rest of Europe, including EU funds.
Other European countries with wave po-
wer programs are Ireland, Portugal and
Spain. Denmark had a fairly ambitious
program between 2000-2003 that alt-
hough terminated, left both know-how
and some concepts still being developed.
In the other Nordic countries there has
been no recent wave power programs
but individual projects have received
funding.
Development status
The front edge of development is now
moving towards the first demonstrations
of single full- scale wave power plants of
which there will be some 5-10 within the
next years. If sufficiently successful the
first demonstration farms of 5-10 units
each can be expected around 2015 and
large- scale commercial farms around
2020.
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