Microsoft Word metod t10. doc

Arm Hand 
локоть
- 
тирсек
кисть
(
панжа
- 
кафт
) 
от
кисти
до
плеча
кол
 

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(3) There are a set of prepositions in English and Russian, but there are 
no prepositions Karakalpak. Instead there are case inflexions and 
auxiliary words.
In teaching pupils vocabulary the teacher should use the pupils’ mother 
tongue and Russian language. 
The pupils’ mother tongue experience may cause positive and 
negative influence when learning the pronunciation, spelling (writing), 
meaning of the English vocabulary. The positive influence makes the 
process of learning easy. The negative influence causes the so-called 
«interference»
. It makes the process of learning difficult, e.g. for positive 
influence. 
Word order: 
Бул
китап
- 
This is a book
. 
Word formation: 
work - worker
(
жумыс
- 
жумысшы
); 
dining - 
room 
(
асхана
); 
bedroom
(
уйыклау
болмеси
). 
Negative influence of the mother tongue factors: 
The absence of conversion
: an eye - to eye (
коз
- 
кориу
). 
The word order in a sentence
: 
Менин
 
агам
 
мектепте
 
ислейди
. 
My brother at school works
. Instead of 
My brother works at school
. 
While reading in English conversion may cause interference. 
Ex. 
His works are very interesting. He works very well.
In each sentence the word «works» is understood as «
ислеу
». 
Silent letters in the words also make it trouble some. Ex. Take, which, 
hour. Any word in the language has very complicated linguistic relation 
with other words in pronunciation, meaning, spelling and usage. 
Rule 4 for the teacher
: In teaching words it is necessary to establish 
a memory bond between a new word and those already covered. 
For instance: see - sea; two - too; one - won (in pronunciation); 
answer - reply; caught - taught; night - right (in spelling); and etc. 
Hence there are two stages in teaching vocabulary: presentation or 
explanation, retention or consolidation which are based on certain 
psycho-linguistic factors. 
4. 
How to Teach Vocabulary in School. 
Teaching and learning words are carried on through methods we 
are familiar with; the teacher organises learning, i.e. in the acquisition of 
information about a new word, its form, meaning and usage; in drill and 
transformation to form lexical habits; in making use of the lexical in 
hearing, speaking and reading, or in language skills. 
Various techniques are used to attain the goal - to fix the words in 
pupils’ memory ready to be used whenever they need them. 

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Presentation of new words
. Since every word has its form, 
meaning, and usage to present a word means to introduce to pupils its 
forms and to explain its meaning, and usage. The techniques of teaching 
pupils the pronunciation and spelling of a word are as follows: 
(1) pure or conscious imitation; 
(2) analogy; 
(3) transcription; 
(4) rules of reading since a word consists of sounds it heard or spoken and 
letters it read or written the teacher shows the pupils how to pronounce, 
to read, and write it. 
There are two ways of conveying the meaning of words: direct way 
and translation. The direct way of presenting the words of a foreign 
language bring the learner into direct contact with them, the mother 
tongue does not come in between. 
The direct way of conveying the meaning of foreign words s 
usually used when the words denote things, objects, their qualities, 
sometimes gestures and movements, which can be shown to and seen by 
pupils, for example: a book, a table, red, big, take, stand up, etc. The 
teacher should connect the English word he presents with the object, the 
notion it denotes directly, without the use of pupils mother tongue. 
The teacher uses various techniques for the purpose. It is possible 
to group them into: (1) visual, and (2) verbal. The first group involves the 
use of visual aids (object, pictures, situations, movements and gestures). 
The second group of techniques involves the utilisation of verbal 
means for conveying the meaning of unfamiliar words. These may be 
context, synonyms, antonyms, definitions, word-building elements, etc. 
Example: the use of definition.