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Homonyms proper are words identical in pronunciation and spelling and
different in meaning.
For example. fast —quickly, fast
a
— to do smth. quickly.
back —назад (opқaгa), back
2
— cпина (opқa), spring
1
— пружина (пружина),
spring
2
— весна (6aҳop), spring
3
—родник (булоқ).
Homophones are words of the same sound form but of different spelling and
meaning.
For example. air —воздух (xaвo), him — hymn, heir —наследник
(ворис), knight — night pail —ведро (челак,) piece — peace, pale — бледный
(оқарган), write — right, son — сын (ўғил), see — sea, sun — солнце (қуёш),
read — reed, pray — prey.
Homographes are words which are different in sound and in meaning but
identical in spelling.
For example. lead [li; d], lead [led], tear [ ] tear [t ], wind
[wind] wind [waind], bow [bou] bow [bau].
«We can approach homonyms from a different point of view and classify
them into lexical and grammatical homonyms. Lexical homonyms are words of the
same part of speech but of quite a different meaning, so that there is no semantic
relation between them,
For example. piece
1
—бўлак (кусок) peace
2
— тинчлик
(мир).
Grammatical homonyms are words of different parts of speech:
work — иш (paботa), to work — ишламоқ (paботать), light -ёруғлик (свет)
light — енгил (легко).
Wide - spread grammatical homonymy constitutes one of the specific
features of English words. Grammatical homonyms are extremely numerous in the
English language,
(M. A. Kashcheyeva and others)
Prof. Smirnitsky has suggested his classification of homonyms based on the
lexico-grammatical principle. He distinguished the following types of homonyms:
1) lexical homonyms are those words which belong to one part of speech but they
differ only in their lexical meaning.
For example. seal n —a sea animal
seal n—a design printed on paper, stamp. hair
n
— hare
n
, ball
n
— ball
n
2) Lexico-grammatical homonyms are those words which differ in their lexical and
grammatical meanings.
For example. sea — to see seal
n — a sea animal, to seal
v— to close tightly, work
n — to work u, well
adv — well
n –колодец (қудуқ).
There may be cases when lexico-grammatical homonyms are observed within the
same part of speech.
For example. The words
«found» (past tense of «to
finds) and «found» (present tense of «to found») differ both grammatically and
lexically.
3) grammatical homonymy is the homonymy of the different wordforms of one
and the same word (part of speech).
For example. boys
1
— boy's
2
, asked
1
— past
tense asked
2
–p .II.
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