Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

 
2007 Annual International CHRIE Conference & Exposition 
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backgrounds score significant lower than western students in both the overall and all sub-test EI scores. Even the 
highest mean sub-test score of the eastern students was lower than the lowest mean sub test score of the western 
students. 
The goal orientation and motivation score of the eastern students supported the Asian cultural value 
dimensions on Family Recognition Through Achievement of Kim et al. (1999). This stated that Asian cultures value 
the importance of not bringing shame to the family by avoiding occupational or educational failures and by 
achieving academically. Perhaps the results show that this drives their motivation to succeed. It also supported 
Hofstede’s (2001) long-term orientation which indicates a need to “save face.”
The differences in Emotional Insight into Self, Ability to Express Emotions and Social Insight and 
Empathy support previous finding by Matsumoto (1993) that indicated that Asians had consistently lower intensity-
judgments and display rule appropriateness rating. Also that they stress collectivism and intra-group harmony more 
strongly than the cultures of Caucasians, Black, or Hispanic groups. In collective cultures, there is greater need to 
suppress one’s emotional reactions, so as not to offend others in the group. Hofstede’s (2001) individualism 
construct is also supported in that the individuals view themselves as part of a larger entity which provides them 
with security in exchange for loyalty. 
LIMITATIONS 
The generalizability of the results from the study to all hospitality undergraduate students is limited by two 
major factors. The first is the sample participants were limited to selected universities and participation was limited 
to students who voluntarily chose to participate. The second limitation involves the possibility of self-selection bias 
in the sample. It is possible that results of those who responded to self-administrated survey may based on 
answering the questions with what they believe is correct answer and not as they truly feel.