Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

Emotional Intelligence Test scores of Hospitality Students 
Cultural Backgrounds 
Eastern 
(n = 112) 
Western 
(n = 154) 
EI Test score 
Mean SD Mean SD 
Diff 
% 
 
F 
 
P 
Overall EI Score 
98.10 
11.23 
107.15 
11.85 
9.05 
8.45 
31.51 
0.001* 
Level One 
Behavioral Score 
Knowledge Score 
98.80 
96.16 
10.76 
14.68 
106.66 
105.85 
12.01 
13.68 
7.86 
9.69 
7.37 
9.15 
30.28 
30.58 
0.001* 
0.001* 
Level Two 
Emotional Insight into 
Self 
Goal Orientation and 
Motivation 
Ability to Express 
Emotions 
Social Insight and 
Empathy 
99.13 
100.72 
98.88 
89.50 
10.37 
11.37 
11.21 
12.66 
105.56 
105.25 
104.68 
101.19 
11.28 
12.74 
13.44 
11.52 
6.43 
4.53 
5.80 
11.69 
6.09 
4.30 
5.54 
11.55 
22.51 
8.97 
13.84 
61.50 
0.001* 
0.003* 
0.001* 
0.001* 
* Significant at p 
≤
0.001 
The one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to test the differences in the Overall EI scores of 
the students according to their cultural backgrounds. The results were found to be significantly different (
F
(1,264) = 
39.51,
 p
< .001). Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) tests were used to assess the difference between 
student groups for Level One and Level Two Sub-scores. The Wilks’ lambda, F-value and p-value indicated that 
there was a statistical significant difference in student Level One Sub-scores. A significant effect was found 
(
Lambda
(2,264) = .85, p < .001). For Level Two Sub-score, (
Lambda
(2,264) = .795, p < .001) also indicated 
statistically significance differences. 
The result of between-subjects effects tests in Table 2 revealed that there were variations by cultural 
background in both Level One and Level Two Sub-scores. Statistically significant differences were found in all 
areas indicating differences between groups based on the cultural backgrounds of the students. 
DISCUSSION 
The findings of the study reveal that a significant difference exists between the EI levels of hospitality 
students from eastern and western cultural backgrounds. Specifically, the students from eastern cultural 

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