Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

 
2007 Annual International CHRIE Conference & Exposition 
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Gamble & Messenger (1990), a higher level of education may cause managers to begin their careers at a more 
advanced managerial level, but it does not necessarily lead to a faster promotion rate. However, respondents 
possessing a Master’s degree were found to enjoy the most rapid career advancement compared to respondents with 
other educational backgrounds (Ladkin, 2002). Ayres (2006) echoed this sentiment and claimed that education 
alone is not enough, tertiary qualifications and even post-graduate work is becoming increasingly important and 
potentially necessary in the future. 
Additionally, no previous research was found which paid special attention to vocational education, such as 
culinary programs, or professional certifications and the correlation with attainment of GM position. This gap in the 
literature will be investigated and presented in the results section of this paper.