Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

Measurement Development 
A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Careful review of the relevant literature 
provided basis for developing the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. The first part included 
questions for the respondents about type of position they hold, the number of years they have been with their 
company and their ages. The second part aimed to assess how respondents perceive crises. A five point Likert-scale 
anchored "1" (strongly disagree) to "5" (strongly agree), was used to measure respondents' perceptions and 
understanding of the various crises occurred from 1990 to 2004. A total of 13 statements related to crisis and crisis 
management concepts were included in this part. The 13 statements were identified from a comprehensive review of 
the crisis and crisis management literature. Previous studies which examined tourism crisis, crisis management in 
hospitality and tourism disaster management, including those conducted by Scott (1988), Sonmez et.al (1994) and 

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