Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

 
2007 Annual International CHRIE Conference & Exposition 
540
females for each significant factor: 
Equity
(Means = 2.91 for males, 3.33 for females); 
Family Issues
(Means =3.16 
for males, 3.49 for females); and 
Advancement
(Means = 2.96 for males, 3.51 for females). I 
In terms of group differences, the ANOVAs were significant for four factors: 
External
, 
F 
(2,226) = 10.03, 
p
≤
.01. 
Equity
,
 F 
(2,226) = 16.13,
 p
≤
.01. 
Family Issues
, 
F 
(2,226) = 15.54, 
p
≤
.01. 
Advancement
, 
F 
(2,226) = 
7.62, 
p
≤
.05. The partial eta squared values for the four factors were .08, .13, .12, and .07 respectively. Post-hoc 
analyses were conducted to identify specific group differences. The post-hoc tests (Tukey) revealed that the mean 
score of recruiters was significantly lower than both students and educators for each factor: 
External 
(Means = 3.68 
for recruiters, 3.99 for both students and educators);
 Equity (
Means = 2.63 for recruiters, 3.23 for students, 3.47 for 
educators);
 Family Issues 
(Means = 2.93 for recruiters, 3.53 for students, 3.55 for educators);
 Advancement 
(Means 
= 2.99 for recruiters, 3.42 for students, 3.45 for educators). 
In response to the open-ended questions students, educators and recruiters suggested that hospitality 
educational programs could prepare women for leadership in the industry by offering courses to increase awareness 
of obstacles to advancement; teach leadership, communication, and problem solving skills to equip women for 
success; provide seminars conducted by female industry executives; and encourage women to mentor other women.
Respondents suggested that hospitality educational programs could help reduce barriers by providing practical 
experiences and networking opportunities, and initiating classroom discussions of barriers facing women and ways 
to overcome them. A few students and educators mentioned that little could be done in educational programs to 
change the situation in industry, and a few denied that women’s advancement is an important concern for the 
industry.