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CHAPTER 5 – TWO SHIRTS OF FLAME 
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recommended us to be extremely cautious in crossing it. At last in his 
simplest tone he added: 
“Safvet bey is in hiding in Kaymaz. If you pass Ikizdge alive you will find 
him. Now, may Allah open your way!” 
He left us with wonder and surprise. Surely he belonged to the National 
forces. Evidently he had not mentioned Safvet Bey last night, because of 
his father’s lack of trust in the movement.
 
The novel also has the characters express sentiments or conduct debates which were 
really held by people in the Nationalist movement. One example relates to the use of 
irregular troops
 
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:
 
Ihsan was not in Anatolia because
his brother officers thought
his 
presence more useful in Istanbul. That was why the fire which burnt in 
Ayesha’s eyes for all those in Smyrna burnt also for Ihsan. Sometimes I 
thought his place in that fire was brighter and warmer. But was it not an 
exaggeration in my brain.
Ayesha put her faith in the peoples’ revolution. She loved the Effes and 
the young Smyrna boys fighting in the mountains. İhsan looked at it with 
a more military eye.
--“It is only the regular army which can solve the problem,” he said. 
-- “A regular army fought successfully, even with the English,” she said, 
“but the victory of our army can be permanent only if the revolted People 
make it impossible for the invaders to stay in Anatolia.” 
Aysha was still far away from the army days, İhsan shook his head and 
smiled: 
--“When it is necessary the first leaders of the revolution will also be 
from the army. Don’t you know that the soul of the revolution is the 
army?”
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Adıvar 1924, 58-59. In a footnote Halide Edip defines Effes as “The mountaineers of Smyrna used to be in 
perpetual revolt against the government and formed bands which robbed the rich and usually helped the poor.