Metodika final exam. What is linguo-cultural teaching and learning?

Effective approaches for teaching young learners.

Young Learners: It is well-known that children (ages 5-12) are very much orientated in their minds around the «here and now» and directly visible/perceivable environment. Grammatical rules/explanations are usually lost on them, as are somewhat «adult» notions of what is correct and what isn't. They develop well when given plenty of examples and patterns to follow. They tend to have a much shorter attention span and need activities that capture their immediate interest. They also need much in the way of «sensory input» т that is, they need to have many or all of their five senses stimulated at once. While generally less inhibited than adults in terms of experimenting with new language, they tend to have more fragile egos and can be very sensitive to their peers.

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   Age groups of learners
   

Stage of education
1.Young Learners: It is well-known that children (ages 5-12) are very much orientated in their minds around the «here and now» and directly visible/perceivable environment. Grammatical rules/explanations are usually lost on them, as are somewhat «adult» notions of what is correct and what isn't. They develop well when given plenty of examples and patterns to follow. They tend to have a much shorter attention span and need activities that capture their immediate interest. They also need much in the way of «sensory input» т that is, they need to have many or all of their five senses stimulated at once. While generally less inhibited than adults in terms of experimenting with new language, they tend to have more fragile egos and can be very sensitive to their peers.
Pre-school and primary education. 1-6 forms.
2. Teenagers: The ages 12-18 coincide with a time of rapid transition and change, both mentally and physically. As teenagers begin to develop more cognitive ability, they can be exposed to language learning techniques that require more logical and/or abstract thinking. Attention span begins to lengthen, but there are also more distractions of an emotional nature. Probably the most important considerations for these learners are «affective» ones. Issues to do with ego and self-esteem are at their height, and teenagers can be incredibly sensitive to the ways others see their physical, mental and emotional development. Real or perceived errors can shatter confidence and detract from risk-taking. Teachers of teenagers need to be able to find ways to draw on and develop cognitive, analytical and logic skills, whilst being constantly mindful of feedback techniques and confidence building strategies. Secondary education. 7-9 forms. Special secondary education – academic lyceum and vocational college students.
3. Adults: Teachers of adults need to bear in mind that these learners have longer attention spans and can handle learning that requires more cognition and abstract thinking. They tend to respond well to the teaching of grammatical rules. They may not be as willing to be «risk-takers», and generally need to feel respected and that they have a «choice-making» role in the classroom
Higher education. Higher education is tertiary education leading to award of an academic degree. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education.

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