Metodika final exam. What is linguo-cultural teaching and learning?

Distinguish peculiarities of Grammar-translation method and Direct Method.

GTM focuses on the application of grammar and correct sentence structure. This is especially helpful in teaching students how to write and read in another language, allowing them to explore interchangeable words and phrases (i.e., different words for different tenses) more effectively than a verbal teaching method. Tests of grammar rules and of translations are easy to construct.
Class activities or learning games are rarely necessary, as students are translating text to another language directly. Teachers who are not fluent in English (but fluent in the other language that the students primarily use) can teach English using this approach, as the emphasis is not on the spoken word but on translations.
The Direct Method is a method “in which a new word or expression is connected in the pupil’s mind directly with what it stands for and not through the medium of vernacular.” According to Webster’s New International Dictionary, “Direct Method is a method of teaching a foreign language, especially a modern language through conversation, discussion and reading in the language itself without use of the pupil’s language, without translation and without the study of formal grammar. The words are first taught by pointing to object or picture or by performing action.”

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    Mains of the Direct Method. (H.E. Palmer)
    

Main Features of the Direct Method. The main features of the Direct Method have been described by H.E. Palmer. These are
1. Translation in any shape or form is banished from the classroom, including the use of the mother-tongue and of the bilingual dictionary.
2. Grammar, when it is taught, is taught inductively.
3. Oral teaching precedes any form of reading and writing.
4. The use of disconnected sentences is replaced by the use of connected texts.
5. Pronunciation is to be taught systematically on more or less phonetic basis. The meanings of new words and forms are taught by means of direct objects, actions or in natural contexts.
6. The vocabulary and structures of the language are inculcated to a large extent by questions asked by the teacher and answered by the pupils.

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