Membrane Gas Separation

19
BTDA-TMPD, gas permeability 
coeffi cients and selectivity of 18
by-product value 303
C
6
H
6
203
C
6
H
14
see hexane
carbon capture 201–26
carbon cylindrical pores, potential energy 
difference for oxygen molecule at 
entrance of 99, 100
carbon dioxide 185, 300
adsorption 32, 33
capture 295–98
CO
2
/CH
4
selectivity vs CO
2
permeability 105, 105
from coal power plant fl ue gas 297
confi guration of membrane systems for 
capture of 297
conventional separation processes 
296
emissions 227
extraction from fl ue gases 261
gas selectivity, in single gas and 
different mixed gas as a function 
of fugacity 248
kinetic diameter and critical 
temperature 203
membranes used for removal of 228
methane (CH
4
) selectivity vs CO
2
permeability 104, 104
percentage of greenhouse emissions 
186
permeability in PDMS under mixed 
gas conditions with and without H
2
S 
present 214
permeation properties 259
permeation with Pebax
®
-based 
membranes for global warming 
reduction 255–77
removal from gas mixtures 256
removal from natural gas 292, 293, 
313
carbon dioxide permeabilities 189–90
of [H
2
NC
3
H
6
mim][Tf
2
N] on 
cross-linked nylon 193
of [hmim][Tf
2
N] and [H
2
NC
3
H
6
mim]
[Tf
2
N] on cross-linked nylon 195
of [hmim][Tf
2
N] on cross-linked nylon 
190, 192
in nylon-supported [hmim][Tf
2
N] 
190
of supported [H
2
NC
3
H
6
mim][Tf
2
N] 
192
carbon dioxide selectivity
of [H
2
NC
3
H
6
mim][Tf
2
N] on 
cross-linked nylon 194
of [hmim][Tf
2
N] and [H
2
NC
3
H
6
mim]
[Tf
2
N] on cross-linked nylon 195
of [hmim][Tf
2
N] on cross-linked nylon 
191, 191, 193
carbon dioxide separation
ionic liquid membranes for 185–99
tailoring polymeric membranes based 
on segmented block copolymers for 
227–53
carbon layers 91
carbon molecular sieve membranes 159, 
284

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Index
357
carbon monoxide 197, 217
ion depolarization effect in the 
presence of 196
kinetic diameter and critical 
temperature 203
solubilities in ionic liquids 196
carbon nanotubes 91
carboxylic acids, monoesterifi cation and 
transesterifi cation reactions of 8
catalytic reformer off-gas 306
cellulose acetate membranes 228, 293, 
313, 320–22
amount of CO
2
in the retentate during 
fi eld trials of 327, 327
amount of H
2
S in the retentate during 
fi eld trials of 327, 327
CO
2
fl ux 325, 325
conditions and performance of 321, 321
contaminants and membrane 
performance 319
experimental details 323–24
fi eld trials 326–27
laboratory tests 324–26
permeate fl ow for spiral wound 
modules 326, 326
plasticization 321
retentate to permeate balance (R:P 
ratio) 324, 324
scanning electron microscopy of 323
separation factors (
α
) 320, 320
cellulose diacetate 321
cement production, composition of minor 
components 202
climate change 227
CO
2
see carbon dioxide
coal 186
coeffi cients of thermal expansion 150–51
cold plasma 273–75
compaction, in gas separation 322–23
composite membranes 245–48
fl ux of CO
2
as a function of fugacity in 
a single gas 246
fl ux of CO
2
as a function of fugacity in 
mixed gas 247
COMSOL Multiphysics
®
339
concentration profi les 165, 165, 166
copolymer 1500PEO77PBT23 239
diffusivity of different gases in 238
DSC curves 242, 243
copolymer 1500PEO77PBT23 blend 
membranes with PEG, permeability 
and permselectivity 238
copolymer 4000PEO55PBT45 239
CO
2
permeability 240
diffusivity selectivity 241
DSC thermograms for PEO and PBT 
in 244
permselectivity 241
solubility 241
copolymer 4000PEO55PBT45/PEG
experimental and estimated values of 
permeability in 242
permeability and diffusivity of 239
permselectivity, solubility selectivity 
and diffusivity selectivity 240
copolymer 4000PEO77PBT/PEG, 
experimental and estimated values 
of permeability in 242
copolymer 4000PEO77PBT23, CO
2
permeability 240
copolymer blends, homogeneous and 
heterogeneous 239
counter-current contacting 334
critical pore sizes 100, 101
critical temperature 209
cross-linked polyimide membranes 3–27
gas permeability coeffi cients and 
selectivity 14, 15–16, 18
gas permeation properties of 
amorphous 13–17
selectivity and permeability 21, 22, 23
cross-linked polymers, defi nition 3, 4
cryogenic air separation/oxygen 
enrichment 159
cryogenic separation processes 301, 302,