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Название публикации:
«TECHNOGENIC DESTROYING OF SOILS,
ECOLOGICAL STATE AND ITS RECULTATION»
Annotation:
This article provides a brief overview of anthropogenic soil degradation, that
is, soil degradation under the influence of the metallurgical industry, as well as an
increase in the content of harmful substances in the soil. The article provides
instructions on the procedure and types of reclamation work on the use of soils in
techno genic degraded areas.
Keywords:
Soil, technogenic degradation, chemical pollution, reclamation,
metallurgical industry, heavy metals.
Introduction
Agricultural lands belong to fertile lands and are the main means of ensuring
national wealth, agricultural production and food security of the country.
As a result
of rapid population growth, the reorientation of agricultural land and the impact
of global climate change, the per capita irrigated area has decreased by 24%
(from 0.23 hectares to 0.16 hectares) over the past 15 years. has also been
significantly reduced [1].
In particular, 60% of irrigated lands are saline to some extent, some are eroded
and become unusable for agricultural purposes due to desertification, swamping,
nutrient deficiencies, chemical pollution, man-made degradation.
At present, one of the most urgent tasks is to complete the inventory of low-
yielding cotton, wheat and other crops, to formulate a program of measures to increase
productivity and efficiency, as well as to develop proposals for the placement of high-
yield crops in these areas [2].
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Our research focuses on man-made degradation of irrigated soils, changes in
their properties, reclamation and their efficient use, as research or practical work on
the reclamation of man-made disturbed soils has not been sufficiently scientifically
conducted. Man-made degraded soils are а insufficiently studied area by scientists, and
mining wastes are one of the main causes of soil degradation [3,4.]. As urbanization
increases over the years, as a result of the increase in the number of industrial
enterprises, urban soils are mainly contaminated with Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn, Ba, As, Hg, Mo,
Cr, Sr, V, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, F, Al, Li, Be, Ag, Ti, Cd, Se, Sn, Tl, Bi, Na, K, S, Cl,
petroleum products and other substances, resulting in increased soil density, decreased
amount of actinomycetes, heterotrophs, nitrifying, denitrifying bacteria, fungi, the
soil's ability to retain moisture is reduced. [5].
It is necessary to study all the chemical pollutants in the environment in terms
of their biological, ecological and human health effects.
More pollution in the activities of metallurgical plants was caused by the
obsolescence or obsolescence of dust collection devices and cleaning technologies.
Around industrial plants, especially in the 0.5 km area, heavy metals Zh and Pb
contaminate more soil and vegetation, which accumulate at different levels in the plant
body [6].
As a result of the of metallurgical industry’s activities, soils are polluted with
an average of 35-40 tons of Hg, 850-900 tons of Co, 1500-2000 tons of Zh and 180-
250 thousand tons of Cu per year. 30-35% of ash was released into the air during the
combustion of coal as well. In the anthropogenic degradation of soils, the role of
uranium ore deposits, technological solutions, selective smelting of uranium
underground, refining of finished uranium products under factory conditions is
significant.
Many scientists have studied the negative effects of thermal power plants
on soil condition, environment and natural resources, including the accumulation of
heavy and liquid forms of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cd in soils and high
concentrations of liquid and gaseous wastes. [7].
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Today, the problem of waste worries not only Uzbekistan, but the whole world.
It is difficult to imagine the negative impact on the environment of the fact that landfills
and waste storage facilities store about 2 billion tons of industrial, construction and
household waste, and they occupy an area of 12 thousand hectares.
In Chirchik, Yangiyul, Chinoz, Angren, Almalyk, Ahangaron cities of Tashkent
region, as a result of the activities of metallurgical and chemical industries, soil
contamination with heavy metals, absorption into the soil and other issues were studied.
According to the results, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and fluorine are inherited
from the parent rock of the soil, but most of them fall into the soil through man-made
sources and are adsorbed by organic, mineral substances, fine dust, clay colloidal
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