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ФИО автора:
Maksetov Kutlimurat Makset uli 
Master's student of Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh, Nukus 
Название публикации:
«ETHNOGRAPHY IS AN INTEGRAL FIELD IN THE 
HUMANITY SCIENCE AS SUBJECT IN THE RESEARCH OF PEOPLE» 
Annotation.
The distinction between ethnography and ethnology between the 
humanities is based on the fact that all people of the world, regardless of their type, 
origin, customs, material and spiritual development, are unique in their individuality. 
In this case, the key principles of the field research methodology are the methods of 
monitoring the particisubjectts. This article explores the role of ethnography in the 
humanities in the study of nations. Field research work will also be analyzed for those 
who prefer a free approach to research. 
Key words.
informants, social issues, field research methodology,
socio-anthropology, ethnomethodology. 
The usual object of study of ethnography is the study of the individual people of 
the world at the level of subject. However, such a view of the object of ethnography 
did not appear immediately. In the developmental stages of this subject, lead to many 
contradictions. At first, some scholars considered to be the object of the individual, 
while others considered culture, power, and a few scientists to be the object of the 
social sphere of society. Although many scholars have pointed out that the object of 
ethnography is the people, they are referring to the people at the initial stages of socio-
economic development. The earliest period of civilization was also considered to be 
the study of the ancient people of feudal society. 
The prevalence of this view is due to the fact that non-European regions, such as 
Central Asia, Africa, and the Pacific, which are lagging behind the development of 
ethnography at the subject level, are focused on the study of American people. Along 
with him, the study of history was considered to be the subject in which was studied 
the "historical people" in the scriptures, in sharp contrast to the science of history. It is 
worth mentioning that the first ethnographic research was carried out by European 

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scientists, led by German scientists from Russia, England and Hungary. They tried to 
separate the ethnography from the history and restore the culture, language, religion 
and nationality of the ancient people, while its main task was to preserve the object. 
The study of "non-historical" people in ethnography can be interpreted as attempts to 
reconcile those who try to take the term "science" by pointing out aspects of its history. 
[1] 
However, this notion is considered obsolete, and the inconsistency of the 
division of people into "historical and non-historical" has long been clear. It is widely 
acknowledged that the object of ethnography is the people who have lagged behind 
this development and are not very developed, and who existed in the past and today. 
The end result of ethnographic people, who have taken the socio-economic life of the 
people of the past as a task in the study of religion and culture, as well as the 
development of the population at various stages of development, explains the root 
causes of their situation. In the Russian literature of the Revolution, the term 
"ethnology" was taken as a synonym for ethnography. In English-speaking countries, 
ethnography is closely intertwined with cultural and social anthropology. In them, in 
conjunction with physiological anthropology, it is considered as a universal subject. 
The term "ethnography" is derived from the ancient greek word, meaning "ethnos" 
means people, and "grafein" means "writing". "Ethnology" is a formal scientific term, 
which means "science" in Greek and comes close to logic. The term in dominant 
terminology is ethnology. 
So what is the essence of this concept? There are different opinions on the history 
of this subject. According to the current views, ethnos (people) is not only the religion 
and culture of these people, but also the social groups that are formed as a result of the 
natural-historical process. The uniqueness of the ethnic groups, their uniqueness, their 
distinctiveness as a separate people, and the fact that they themselves have become a 
rule, have been preserved for a long time. Each ethnos has its own characteristics that 
distinguish it from all other types of species. First of all, one of the most important 
features of the life of the members of the ethnos is the language, which is reflected in 
various aspects of life. It serves as a link between individuals belonging to a particular 

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ethnic group, as well as a sign that distinguishes the number from other ethnic groups. 
[2] 
For example, the first and most distinctive feature of the Karakalpak ethnos is 
the Karakalpak language. Along with language, culture plays a key role in the activities 
of ethnic groups, and this is one of the components of the program, which is reflected 
in its daily life. In the realm of material culture, these are the types of housing, tools, 
clothing, food, and so on. In spiritual culture these customs and rituals are considered 
to be the religion of the people. 
The cultural unity of the members of the ethnos, in turn, is directly related to the 
universal qualities of the psychology of the individual, which are the individual 
qualities of the psyche, and implies the ethnic character of the ethnocentrism. 
Ethnography, with its emphasis on programmatic everyday culture, contributes to the 
development of one of the most important aspects of all cultural history of mankind, 
which does not allow the development of professional forms of global culture. 
Ethnographic research has a special place in the restoration of cultural history in the 
early stages of social development. 
Historical and ethnographic knowledge is also important for understanding the 
modern life of people. For example, without such knowledge, it is impossible to 
properly evaluate and act on all the processes that take place in the world. One of the 
ethnographic studies is that the study of modern ethnic processes has reduced 
civilizational differences among all people. The scientific and technological revolution 
of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries has shown the legacy of linear development. 
Ethnographers face a number of challenges in studying the national ethnic processes 
that have taken place around the world. This is especially true in countries where the 
way of life is slowly and highly developed. However, it should be borne in mind that 
the people of the highly developed countries have their own ethnic characteristics, 
except that the ethnographic programming culture, some of which have survived from 
the distant past, and the preservation of national forms of life and national identity have 
changed. It is also important to have a clear idea of the change in your choice. Along 
with the number of ethnic minorities, the majority of the population is tasked with 

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identifying links with other ethnic groups. As one of the historical subjects, the study 
of ethnography, especially in the early period, also divides the study of ethnic history 
in the field of ethnic history into many branches. In the study of modernity, 
ethnography has a clear social connection. Both scholars are interested in the same 
aspects of social life in most cases. But neither social nor ethnographer can duplicate 
each other. They showed every aspect of their idea. For example, if an ethnographer is 
interested in the social relations of a social group in the process of learning, he/she is 
interested in his ethnic characteristics. It is almost impossible to study the social class 
together because of the interconnectedness of ethnic relations. The study of ethnic 
aspects of national processes is one of the most important tasks of ethnography. It is 
difficult to overestimate the importance of a multi-ethnic country like ours. 
This, in turn, requires an in-depth study of the factors that influence the 
convergence of all types of modern ethnic processes and trends. The great cognitive 
significance of historical ethnographic processes closely contributes to the creation of 
ethnographic works in the form of historical and ethnographic atlases, which combine 
the unifying qualities of the people of the world. 
The ethnographer always refers to archeological materials to study and select 
ethnographic questions. In order to reconstruct archeology and restore history, 
ethnographic materials are used to determine the ethnicity of archeological sites. 
Ethnography is connected with the study of cultural history, art and folklore in the 
study of economic activity. As mentioned above, ethnography is related to the study of 
the interaction of ethno-cultural phenomena in both the exact sociology and the social 
class. Ethnography is a socio-psychological and ethnological psychology. 
Now the linguistic kinship of ethnography and people is directly related to the 
interaction of linguistic and dialectological and onomastic researches, the interaction 
of linguists and ethnic processes. The reason is that, as mentioned above, the subject 
matter of ethnography is linguistics. This language is considered to be the most 
common unifying feature of any ethnic group. 

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As for the connection of ethnography with geography, ethnos is also intertwined 
in the study of the interactions of the natural environment with the study of the types 
of habitats, as well as the development of ethnic maps [3]. 
In the study of the number of people of the world, migration processes are 
associated with ethnographic demography, i.e. ethno-demography. If we say that it is 
connected with ethnic-psychology, then determinism plays a role in the ethno-
psychology of geographically central people. Ethnography is directly related to 
anthropology and ethno genesis, especially in the study of ancient and early social 
history. Ethnography, to one degree or another, is interconnected with many other 
natural disciplines, and the information contained in them can be integrated into the 
ethnic history of the entire human race. It is possible for ethnic peoples to learn the 
different aspects of ethnic processes in a special way so that they can learn all their 
constituent parts. In it, the ethnicity finds its own identity. Therefore, the complex 
approach to the subject of research is also of special importance for ethnography, using 
the data obtained by natural subjects. 
As for the distinction between ethnographic and ethnological paths among the 
humanities, it is a special subject to study their own qualities subject to learn about the 
language of all the people of the world, their origins (ethno genesis), way of life, 
customs, and material and spiritual identity. Ethnology is the study of the origins of the 
modern world, the structure of ethnicity, spiritual culture, the nationality of values, the 
historical process. Historical ethnography examines the disappearing people, ethnic 
groups, past ethnic processes, and everyday life, as well as spiritual and cultural values. 
In ethnography, in order to define and describe social relations in addition to the ter m 
general understanding, terms such as a tribe community, a territorial community or a 
neighborhood community play a great important. The reason is that the future 
appearance of our public institutions has also been preserved. Terminology related to 
ceremonies and rituals is also widely used in the context of spiritual and cultural 
concepts. [4] 
In addition to the notion of ethnography itself, there are also research methods 
related to the humanities. Several methods are used in ethnography in the study of 

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ethnos. This means that these are written material, word-of-mouth information, and 
archival documents. For ethnography, the stationary method is used to summarize the 
information and materials collected in the places of direct observation of the life of 
ethnos, and this is considered to be a unified method for ethnography. Today, the 
problems facing ethnography are unexplored issues in the life of the people. Ethnology 
or folk pedagogy (education in the traditions of war and traditions). [5] 
Folk medicine is an important part of the traditional spiritual culture of every 
nation. The role of ethnography in the system of humanities is related to other 
disciplines, and it is not difficult to see that it is in the integral field of the humanities. 
The object of ethnographers' attention is the people, the nation, the individual, 
that is, the human being. Science focuses on its origins, social development, culture, 
values, religion, language, customs, and programs. Any patch on the stage of history 
will determine the place of this nation. It is important to understand and study the 
ethnography of the child as an integral field of the humanities. 

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